I-Glyphosate, i-herbicide yokwenziwa enelungelo lobunikazi ngonyaka we-1974 yiMonsanto Company futhi manje eyenziwe futhi ithengiswa yizinkampani eziningi emikhiqizweni engamakhulu, ihlotshaniswa nomdlavuza nokunye ukukhathazeka ngempilo. IGlyphosate yaziwa kakhulu njengesithako esisebenzayo kuma-herbicides anohlobo lwe-Roundup, kanye ne-herbicide esetshenziswa ne-"Roundup Ready" yezinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo (GMOs).
Ukubekezelelana kwe-Herbicide kuyisici esande kakhulu se-GMO esenziwe izitshalo zokudla, kanti amanye ama-90% ommbila nama-94% kabhontshisi wase-US enzelwe ukubekezelela ukubulala ukhula, ngokusho kwedatha ye-USDA. A Ucwaningo lwe-2017 ithole ukuthi ukuvezwa kwabantu baseMelika ku-glyphosate kukhuphuke cishe 500 amaphesenti selokhu kwethulwa izitshalo ze-Roundup Ready GMO e-US ngo-1996. Nawa amanye amaqiniso abalulekile nge-glyphosate:
I-Pesticide Esetshenziswa Kakhulu
Ngokombiko othile NgoFebhuwari 2016 isifundo, i-glyphosate yiyona isibulala-zinambuzane esisetshenziswa kakhulu: "E-US, asikho isibulala-zinambuzane esiseduze kakhulu nokusetshenziswa okunamandla nokusakazeke kangaka." Okutholakele kufaka phakathi:
- AbaseMelika basebenzise amathani ayi-1.8 wezigidi ze-glyphosate selokhu yethulwa ngo-1974.
- Emhlabeni wonke kufuthwe amathani ayizigidi eziyi-9.4 amakhemikhali emasimini - anele ukufafaza cishe isigamu sephawundi seRoundup kuwo wonke amahektare alinywayo emhlabeni.
- Emhlabeni jikelele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate kukhuphuke cishe izikhathi eziyi-15 selokhu kwethulwe izitshalo zeRoundup Ready GMO.
Izitatimende ezivela kososayensi nabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwempilo
- Isitatimende se-International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Ikomidi Lezempilo Nezokuzala: "Sincoma ukuthi ukuvezwa kwabantu nge-glyphosate kufanele kugcine kuphele nya emhlabeni." (7.2019)
- I-Essay ku-Journal of Epidemiology kanye Nomphakathi Wezempilo: "Isikhathi sokubuyekeza amazinga wokuphepha we-glyphosate herbicides?" (6.2017)
- Isitatimende sokuvumelana ku-Environmental Health Journal: "Ukukhathazeka ngokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate-based herbicides kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nokuchayeka: isitatimende sokuvumelana" (2.2016)
Ukukhathazeka Ngomdlavuza
Imibhalo yesayensi kanye neziphetho zokulawula maqondana ne-glyphosate kanye ne-glyphosate-based herbicides ikhombisa ukuxubana kokutholakele, okwenza ukuphepha kwe-herbicide kube yindaba ephikisanayo.
Ngo 2015, the I-International Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) i-glyphosate ehlukanisiwe njengo-mhlawumbe i-carcinogenic kubantu”Ngemuva kokubukeza iminyaka yocwaningo lwesayensi olushicilelwe nolubuyekezwa ontanga. Ithimba lososayensi bamazwe omhlaba lithole ukuthi kukhona ukuhlangana okuthile phakathi kwe-glyphosate ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Izinhlangano ze-US: Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwe-IARC, i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yayiqhuba ukubuyekeza ukubhalisa. IKomidi Lokubuyekeza Umdlavuza we-EPA (CARC) ukhiphe umbiko ngoSepthemba 2016 siphetha ngokuthi i-glyphosate "bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthi ibe yi-carcinogenic kubantu" ngemithamo efanele impilo yomuntu. NgoZibandlela wezi-2016, i-EPA yabiza iSigungu Sabeluleki Besayensi ukuze sibuyekeze lo mbiko; amalungu ayekhona ihlukaniswe ekuhloleni kwabo umsebenzi we-EPA, abanye bathola ukuthi i-EPA yenze iphutha ekutheni iluhlole kanjani ucwaningo oluthile. Ngokwengeziwe, iHhovisi Lezokucwaninga Nentuthuko le-EPA linqume ukuthi iHhovisi Lezinhlelo Zezibulala-zinambuzane ze-EPA ayilandelwa imigomo efanele ekuhloleni kwayo i-glyphosate, futhi yathi ubufakazi bungathathwa njengobusekela ubufakazi “obungenzeka” bomdlavuza noma “obusikisela” bokwehlukaniswa kwe-carcinogenicity. Noma kunjalo i-EPA ukhiphe umbiko osalungiswa ku-glyphosate ngoDisemba 2017 eqhubeka nokubamba ukuthi ikhemikhali akunakwenzeka ukuthi libe yi-carcinogenic. Ngo-Ephreli 2019, i-EPA kwaqinisekisa isikhundla sayo leyo glyphosate ayibeki bungozi empilweni yomphakathi. Kepha ekuqaleni kwenyanga efanayo, i-US Agency for Toxic Substances and Registry Registry (ATSDR) ibike ukuthi kunokuxhumana phakathi kwe-glyphosate nomdlavuza. Ngokusho kwe- umbiko wokusalungiswa ovela ku-ATSDR, "Ucwaningo oluningi lubike izilinganiso zobungozi ezinkulu kunezinye zezinhlangano eziphakathi kokuchayeka kwe-glyphosate kanye nengozi ye-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma noma i-myeloma eminingi."
I-EPA ikhiphe i- Isinqumo Sokubukeza Okwesikhashana ngoJanuwari 2020 ngolwazi olusha mayelana nokuma kwalo ku-glyphosate.
Iyuniyani yase-Europe: The Isiphathimandla Sezokuphepha KwaseYurophu futhi I-European Chemicals Agency bathe i-glyphosate ayinakuba yi-carcinogenic kubantu. A Umbiko ka-Mashi 2017 ngamaqembu ezemvelo nawabathengi athi abalawuli bathembele ngokungafanele ocwaningweni olwaluqondiswa futhi lusetshenziswa imboni yamakhemikhali. A Ucwaningo lwe-2019 ithole ukuthi umbiko weFederal Institute for Risk Assessment waseJalimane ngeglyphosate, ongatholanga ubungozi bomdlavuza, ubufaka phakathi izingxenye zombhalo kukhishwe izifundo zeMonsanto. NgoFebhuwari 2020, kwavela imibiko yokuthi izifundo zesayensi ezingama-24 ezithunyelwe kubalawuli baseJalimane ukufakazela ukuphepha kwe-glyphosate zaqhamuka elabhorethri enkulu yaseJalimane osolwa ngokukhwabanisa nokunye okungalungile.
Umhlangano ohlangene we-WHO / FAO wezinsalela ze-Pesticide kunqunywe ngo-2016 ukuthi i-glyphosate yayingenakwenzeka ukufaka ingozi ye-carcinogenic kubantu kusukela ekuvezweni ngokudla, kepha lokhu kutholakala kungcoliswe ngu ukushayisana kwezintshisekelo ukukhathazeka ngemuva kokuvela ukuthi usihlalo kanye nosihlalo weqembu nabo babephethe izikhundla zobuholi ne I-International Life Sciences Institute, iqembu elixhaswe ngokwengxenye yiMonsanto nenye yezinhlangano zalo zokunxenxa.
California OEHHA: Ngo-Mashi 28, 2017, iHhovisi Lezokuvikelwa Kwezemvelo e-California Environmental Protection Agency laqinisekisa ukuthi kuzokwenzeka engeza i-glyphosate ohlwini lwe-Proposition 65 lwaseCalifornia lwamakhemikhali aziwa ukudala umdlavuza. UMonsanto wamangalela ukuvimba lesi senzo kodwa icala lachithwa. Kwelinye icala, inkantolo ithole ukuthi iCalifornia ayinakudinga izexwayiso zomdlavuza ngemikhiqizo equkethe i-glyphosate. NgoJuni 12, 2018, iNkantolo yesiFunda e-US yasenqaba isicelo se-California Attorney General sokuthi inkantolo isiphinde icubungule lesi sinqumo. Inkantolo ithole ukuthi iCalifornia ingadinga kuphela inkulumo yezentengiso edalula "imininingwane eyiqiniso futhi engenakuphikiswa," futhi nesayensi ezungeze i-glyphosate carcinogenicity ayizange itholakale.
Isifundo Sezempilo Kwezolimo: Ucwaningo lukahulumeni wase-US olwalusekelwa isikhathi eside oluzoxhaswa yimindeni yasepulazini e-Iowa naseNyakatho Carolina alutholanga ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kodwa abacwaningi babika ukuthi “phakathi kwabafaka izicelo ku-quartile yokuvezwa okuphezulu kakhulu, kwakukhona ingozi eyengeziwe ye-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) uma iqhathaniswa nabangakaze basebenzise… ”Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kakhulu okushicilelwe ocwaningweni yenziwa umphakathi ngasekupheleni kuka-2017.
Izifundo zakamuva ezixhumanisa i-glyphosate nomdlavuza nokunye ukukhathazeka ngempilo
Cancer
- NgoFebhuwari 2020 iphepha le-Environmental Health, "Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwedatha ye-carcinogenicity yezilwane ye-glyphosate kusuka ezifundweni ezingama-carcinogenicity ezingapheli, ”Kubukeze ucwaningo lwesifo sokudalulwa kwezilwane esidalwa yisifo se-glyphosate futhi sabika izindlela ezinobuthi zokuthi kungani i-glyphosate ingadala umdlavuza ohlukahlukene kumagundane.
- Ephreli 2019: I-US Agency for Toxic Substances and Registry Registry ikhiphe okusalungiswa kwayo iphrofayili enobuthi ye-glyphosate, ebika ingozi yomdlavuza eyandisiwe evela ekuvezweni kwe-glyphosate. Ama-imeyili akhishwe ngezinqubo zenkantoloIzikhulu zokubonisa e-EPA naseMonsanto zizame ukuvimba umbiko we-ATSDR.
- Mashi 2019 isifundo eshicilelwe kuyi-International Journal of Epidemiology ihlaziye idatha evela kubalimi abangaphezu kwama-30,000 nabasebenzi bezolimo abavela ezifundweni ezenziwe eFrance, eNorway nase-US, futhi babika ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-glyphosate nokusabalalisa i-B-cell lymphoma enkulu.
- NgoFebhuwari 2019: A. ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okushicilelwe ku-Mutation Research / Reviews in Mutation Research ibike "isixhumanisi esiphoqayo" phakathi kwama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Abathathu bababhali bokutadisha babengamalungu ephaneli yokweluleka yesayensi ye-EPA ku-glyphosate abanayo ishiwo esidlangalaleni ukuthi i-EPA yehlulekile ukulandela izindlela ezifanele zesayensi ekuhloleni kwayo i-glyphosate.
- Januwari 2019: An ukuhlaziywa okushicilelwe ku-Environmental Sciences Europe uphikisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-glyphosate yase-US EPA bungabunaki ubufakazi obuningi besayensi be-genotoxicity umthelela omubi ezintweni zofuzo zeseli) ezihambisana nemikhiqizo yokubulala ukhula efana neRoundup.
Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Endocrine, ukukhathazeka nokuzala
- Ngo-Okthoba 2020 iphepha kwi-Chemosphere journal, IGlyphosate nezimpawu ezisemqoka zokuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine: Ukubuyekezwa, yisibuyekezo sokuqala esibanzi esihlanganisa ubufakazi bemishini ku-glyphosate njenge-endocrine-disruptting chemical (EDC). Leli phephandaba liphetha ngokuthi i-herbicide esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni ihlangana okungenani neziyisishiyagalombili kulezo Izici eziyisi-10 ezibalulekile zama-EDC, njengoba kuhlongozwe esitatimendeni sokuvumelana kwesazi esishicilelwe ngo-2020.
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Ucwaningo olusha lungeza ubufakazi bokuthi ukhula olubulala ukhula luphazamisa ama-hormone, nguCarey Gillam, USRTK (11.13.2020)
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- Julayi 2020 iphepha elishicilelwe ku-Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Ngabe i-glyphosate ne-glyphosate-based herbicides iphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-endocrine okuguqula ukuzala kwabesifazane? ” ifingqa imiphumela ephazamisa i-endocrine yokuchayeka ku-glyphosate kanye ne-glyphosate-based herbicides ngamanani aphansi noma "afanele imvelo" ezicutshini zokuzala zabesifazane. Imininingwane ephakamisa ukuthi, ngamanani aphansi, ama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate angaba nemiphumela emibi ekuvundeni kwendlela yokuzala yabesifazane okuxoxwa ngayo.
- Iphepha likaJuni 2020 elishicilelwe kuVeterinary and Animal Science, Ukwakheka kwe-herbicide okusekelwe eGlyphosate nobuthi bokuzala ezilwaneni, ” kuphetha ngokuthi ezinye izithako zemithi yokubulala ukhula esekwe eglyphosate zibukeka zisebenza njengezidakamizwa ezinobuthi zokuzala, ezinemiphumela ehlukahlukene kuzinhlelo zokuzala zabesilisa nabesifazane, kufaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, ukulimala kwezicubu kanye nokungasebenzi kwe-gametogenesis.
- Iphepha likaJuni 2020 elishicilelwe ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, Ukuvezwa kwe-neonatal kwi-herbicide esekwe ku-glyphosate kuguqula ukwahlukaniswa kwesibeletho kwamawundlu ezimvu zangaphambi kokuzalwa uthola ukuthi ukuchayeka kokubeletha kwe-glyphosate-based herbicides kunciphise ukwanda kwamaseli futhi kwaguqula ukubonakaliswa kwama-molecule alawula ukwanda nentuthuko esibelethweni, okungahle kuthinte impilo yokuzala yabesifazane yezimvu.
- Ukufundwa kukaJulayi 2020 kumagazini i-Toxicology kanye ne-Applied Pharmacology, Amaprotheni we-ovarian mitochondrial ne-oxidative stress aguqulwa ukuvezwa kwe-glyphosate kumagundane, ithole izinkomba zokuthi “ukutholakala kwezinga eliphansi okungapheli kwe-glyphosate kushintsha i-ovome proteome futhi ekugcineni kungathinta ukusebenza kwe-ovarian.”
- Isifundo seSepthemba 2020 kuFood and Chemical Toxicology, Ukuvezwa kwe-Perinatal ku-glyphosate noma ukwakheka okususelwa ku-glyphosate kuphazamisa i-hormonal ne-uterine milieu ngesikhathi sokwamukela amagundane, ibika ukuthi ukuchayeka ngokuzalwa komuthi we-glyphosate-based herbicide noma i-glyphosate “kuphazamise imigomo yamangqamuzana abucayi yehomoni nesibeletho ngesikhathi sokwamukela, okungenzeka kuhlotshaniswe nokwehluleka kokufakelwa.”
- Ucwaningo lwe-2018 lwezemvelo nolwabantu olwenziwe e-Argentina luthole ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-glyphosate emhlabathini nasothulini ezindaweni zezolimo ezabika futhi amazinga aphezulu okukhipha isisu okuzenzakalelayo nokungajwayelekile kokuzalwa ezinganeni, okuphakamisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuchayeka kwemvelo ku-glyphosate nezinkinga zokuzala. Ayikho enye imithombo efanele yokungcola ekhonjwe.
- Ucwaningo lwama-rat lwango-2018 lwabaphenyi base-Argentina luxhumanise ukuvezwa kwezinga eliphansi le-perinatal glyphosate ukusebenza kahle kokuzala kwabesifazane kanye nokungahambi kahle kwesisu esizukulwaneni esilandelayo wenzalo.
- Ucwaningo lweqembu lokuzalwa e-Indiana olushicilelwe ngo-2017 - isifundo sokuqala sokuvezwa kwe-glyphosate kwabesifazane abakhulelwe base-US basebenzisa izibonelo zomchamo njengesilinganiso esiqondile sokuvezwa - kutholakale amazinga we-glyphosate angaphezulu kuka-90% wabesifazane abakhulelwe abahloliwe futhi bathola amazinga kuhlobene kakhulu nobude bokukhulelwa obufinyeziwe.
- Ucwaningo luka-2011 kwi-Reproductive Toxicology lwabika lokho i-glyphosate ithikameza inzalo yabesilisa ukukhula kokuzala ngokuphazamisa ukukhuluma kwe-gonadotropin.
- Ucwaningo lwango-2009 kuToxicology lwathola ukuthi ama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate iziphazamisi ezinobuthi kanye ne-endocrine emigqeni yeseli yomuntu.
Isifo sesibindi
- Ucwaningo lwango-2017 luhambisana nokuchayeka okungapheli, okunezinga eliphansi kakhulu le-glyphosate isifo sesibindi esingenawo utshwala kumagundane. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, imiphumela "isho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kwamazinga aphansi kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-GBH (Roundup), ezindaweni ezivumelekile ezilingana ne-glyphosate, kuhlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa okuphawulekayo kwe-proteome yesibindi ne-metabolism," ama-biomarkers we-NAFLD.
Ukuphazanyiswa kweMicrobiome
- November 2020 iphepha ku-Journal of Materials Hazardous ibika ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-54 ezinhlobo ezisenkabeni ye-gut gut microbiome "angazwela" ku-glyphosate. Nge "ingxenye enkulu" yamabhaktheriya esiswini i-microbiome esengozini ye-glyphosate, ukutholwa kwe-glyphosate "kungathinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwe-gut microbiome yomuntu," kusho abalobi ephepheni labo.
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Amaphepha amasha e-glyphosate akhomba "ekuphuthumeni" kocwaningo olwengeziwe ngomthelela wamakhemikhali empilweni yomuntu, nguCarey Gillam, USRTK (11.23.2020)
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- A 2020 ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi kwemiphumela ye-glyphosate ku-gut microbiome iphetha ngokuthi, "izinsalela ze-glyphosate ekudleni zingadala i-dysbiosis, uma kubhekwa ukuthi amagciwane angosomathuba amelana kakhulu ne-glyphosate uma kuqhathaniswa nama-bacteria asebenzayo." Leli phephandaba liyaqhubeka, “IGlyphosate ingase ibe yisici esibucayi kwezemvelo ku-etiology yezifo eziningana ezihambisana ne-dysbiosis, kufaka phakathi isifo se-celiac, isifo samathumbu esivuthayo kanye nesifo samathumbu esivele sicasuke. Ukuvezwa kweGlyphosate nakho kungaba nemiphumela empilweni yengqondo, kufaka phakathi ukukhathazeka nokudangala, ngokushintsha kwesisu segciwane. ”
- Ucwaningo lwama-rat lwango-2018 olwenziwe yiRamazzini Institute lubike ukuthi ukuvezwa kwamazinga aphansi ku-Roundup emazingeni athathwa njengaphephe kakhulu kushintshe i-gut microbiota kwamanye amazinyane egundane.
- Olunye ucwaningo lwango-2018 lubike ukuthi amazinga aphezulu e-glyphosate afakwa kumagundane aphazamisa i-gut microbiota futhi kubangele ukukhathazeka nokuziphatha okufana nokudana.
Imiphumela emibi yezinyosi nezimvemvane ze-monarch
- Ucwaningo lwe-2018 lubike ukuthi i-glyphosate kulimaze amabhaktheriya amathumbu awusizo kuzinyosi zezinyosi futhi yabenza bathambekele kakhulu ezifweni ezibulalayo. Lokhu kwalandela ucwaningo lwaseChina olukhombisa ukuthi izibungu zezinyosi yakhula kancane futhi yafa kaningi lapho ivezwa i-glyphosate, kanye nocwaningo lwango-2015 oluthola amazinga wenkambu wokuchayeka kuphazamise amandla okuqonda wezinyosi zezinyosi.
- Ucwaningo oluvela ku-2017 oluhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate nge kunciphise inani lezimvemvane ze-monarch, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokwehliswa kwe-milkweed, umthombo wokudla oyinhloko wezimvemvane ze-monarch.
Amacala omdlavuza
Bangaphezu kuka-42,000 abantu abafake isimangalo eMonsanto Company (manje eyiBayer) bethi ukutholakala kwe-Roundup herbicide kubangele bona noma abathandekayo babo ukuba bahlakulele i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), nokuthi iMonsanto yamboza izingozi. Njengengxenye yenqubo yokutholwa, iMonsanto kudingeke ukuthi ivule izigidi zamakhasi amarekhodi angaphakathi. Singa ukuthumela la Maphepha eMonsanto njengoba ezotholakala. Ukuze uthole izindaba namathiphu mayelana nomthetho oqhubekayo, bheka uCarey Gillam's I-Roundup Trial Tracker. Izilingo ezintathu zokuqala zaphetha ngemiklomelo emikhulu kwabamangali ngesikweletu nomonakalo, amajaji athatha isinqumo sokuthi umbulali wokhula kaMonsanto waba nomthelela omkhulu ekubangeleni ukuthi bathuthukise i-NHL. IBayer iyasidlulisa lesi sinqumo.
Ithonya leMonsanto ocwaningweni: Ngo-Mashi 2017, ijaji lenkantolo yombuso livule imibhalo yangaphakathi yeMonsanto leyo kwaphakamisa imibuzo emisha mayelana nethonya likaMonsanto kunqubo ye-EPA nangabalawuli bocwaningo abathembele kulo. Le mibhalo iphakamisa ukuthi izimangalo zikaMonsanto ezimi isikhathi eside mayelana nokuphepha kwe-glyphosate ne-Roundup musa ukuthembela kwisayensi ezwakalayo njengoba inkampani iqinisekisa, kepha ivuliwe imizamo yokusebenzisa isayensi.
Imininingwane engaphezulu ngokugxambukela kwesayensi
- "Amaphepha eMonsanto: Ukufaka Ubuthi Emthonjeni Wezesayensi, ”NguLeemon McHenry (2018)
- "Imibhalo yokutholwa kwamacala we-Roundup: imiphumela yezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuziphatha kwamaphephabhuku, ”NguSheldon Krimsky noCarey Gillam (Juni 2018)
- Incwadi eya eMvelweni nguStéphane Horel noStéphane Foucart (Mashi 2018)
Ososayensi baseSri Lankan banikeze umklomelo wenkululeko we-AAAS wocwaningo lwezifo zezinso
I-AAAS inikeze ososayensi ababili baseSri Lankan, uDkt. UChanna Jayasumana noSarath Gunatilake, the Umklomelo we-2019 Wenkululeko Yesayensi Nokuzibophezela ngomsebenzi wabo "wokuphenya ukuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwe-glyphosate nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinselele." Ososayensi babike ukuthi i-glyphosate idlala indima enkulu ekuhambiseni izinsimbi ezisindayo ezinso zalabo abaphuza amanzi angcolile, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu esifo esingapheliyo sezinso emiphakathini yokulima. Bona amaphepha ku- I-SpringerPlus (2015), I-BMC Nephrology (2015), Health Environmental (2015), Ijenali Yomhlaba Wonke Wocwaningo Lwezemvelo kanye Nezempilo Yomphakathi (2014). Umklomelo we-AAAS ubukade ukhona imisiwe phakathi komkhankaso ophikisayo wokuphikisana wabalingani bemboni yezibulala-zinambuzane ukubukela phansi umsebenzi wososayensi. Ngemuva kokubuyekezwa, i-AAAS ubuyisele umklomelo.
Ukwehliswa: omunye umthombo wokuchayeka ekudleni
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa i-glyphosate ezitshalweni ezingezona eze-GMO ezifana nokolweni, ibhali, i-oats, nama-lentile ukomisa isivuno ngaphambi kokuvuna ukuze kusheshiswe isivuno. Lo mkhuba, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-desiccation, kungaba ngumthombo obalulekile wokuchayeka ekudleni kwe-glyphosate.
IGlyphosate ekudleni: I-US idonsa izinyawo zayo ekuhlolweni
I-USDA yehlisa buthule uhlelo lokuqala ukuhlola ukudla kwezinsalela ze-glyphosate ngo-2017. Imibhalo ye-ejensi yangaphakathi etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa ukuthi i-ejensi yayihlele ukuqala ukuhlola amasampula angaphezu kuka-300 wesiraphu yommbila i-glyphosate ngo-Ephreli 2017. Kodwa i-ejensi yabulala iphrojekthi ngaphambi kokuthi iqale. Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa e-US kwaqala uhlelo lokuhlola olunomkhawulo ngo-2016, kodwa umzamo wawugcwele impikiswano nobunzima bangaphakathi kanti uhlelo lwalunjalo yamiswa ngoSepthemba 2016. Womabili la ma-ejensi anezinhlelo ezivivinya minyaka yonke ukudla kwezinsalela ze-pesticides kodwa zombili ziye zeqa ukuhlolwa kwe-glyphosate.
Ngaphambi kokumiswa, kutholakale isazi samakhemikhali esisodwa se-FDA amazinga ashaqisayo e-glyphosate kumasampula amaningi oju lwase-US, amazinga ayengavumelekile ngokomthetho ngoba awekho amazinga avunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa uju yi-EPA. Nayi impinda yezindaba mayelana ne-glyphosate etholakala ekudleni:
- Okthoba 2018: I-FDA ikhiphe umbiko wokuqala ekhombisa imiphumela yezinsalela zayo ze-glyphosate ekuhlolweni kokudla. I-FDA ithe azikho izinsalela ze-glyphosate ezitholwe obisini noma amaqanda, kepha izinsalela zitholakale kumaphesenti angama-63.1 amasampula ommbila namaphesenti angama-67 amasampula wesoya, ngokusho kwedatha ye-FDA. I-ejensi ayidalulanga kulowo mbiko okutholakele nge-glyphosate kumikhiqizo ye-oatmeal noma ye-honey.
- Ephreli 2018: ama-imeyili angaphakathi e-FDA akhombise ukuthi i-ejensi ibinayo unenkinga yokuthola isampula lokudla ngaphandle kweminonjana ye-glyphosate.
- Septhemba 2016: I-FDA ithole i-glyphosate in Uju lwase-US ngokuphindwe kabili amazinga avunyelwe ku-EU, nokuhlolwa kwe-FDA kuyaqinisekisa oatmeal kanye nokudla kwengane aqukethe i-glyphosate.
- Novemba 2016: Isazi samakhemikhali se-FDA sathola i-glyphosate in uju e-Iowa kumazinga aphezulu we-10X kunokuvunyelwa ku-EU. Futhi ngoNovemba, ukuhlolwa okuzimele kweqembu labathengi Ukudla kwentando yeningi Manje kwathola i-glyphosate ku Ama-Cheerios, amakhukhi e-oatmeal, ama-Ritz crackers neminye imikhiqizo edumile emazingeni aphezulu.
Ama-pesticides ekudleni kwethu: Ikuphi idatha yokuphepha?
Idatha ye-USDA yango-2016 ikhombisa amazinga atholakala ngezibulala-zinambuzane kokungu-85% kokudla okungaphezulu kuka-10,000 XNUMX okusampuli, konke kusuka kumakhowe kuya kumagilebhisi kuya kubhontshisi oluhlaza. Uhulumeni uthi zincane izingozi zezempilo, kepha abanye ososayensi bathi akukho lwazi oluncane lokusekela leso simangalo. Bona “Amakhemikhali ekudleni kwethu: Uma "kuphephile" kungahle kungaphephi ngempela: Ukuhlolwa kwesayensi kwensalela ye-pesticin ekudleni kuyakhula; ukuvikelwa kokulawula kubuzwa, ”NguCarey Gillam (11/2018).