UKetchum

Izinkampani zeBayer's Shady PR: IFleishmanHillard, Ketchum, FTI Consulting

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
Posted on by UStacy Malkan

Kuthunyelwe ekuqaleni ngoMeyi 2019; ibuyekezwe ngoNovemba 2020

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, i-US Right to Know ilandelela amahlazo okukhohlisa omphakathi ahlanganisa amafemu e-PR ukuthi imidondoshiya yezolimo iBayer AG neMonsanto bathembele kuyo ngemikhankaso yabo yokuvikela umkhiqizo: Ukubonisana kwe-FTI, uKetchum PR noFleishmanHillard. Lawa mafemu banemilando emide yokusebenzisa amaqhinga akhohlisayo ukukhuthaza izinhloso zezepolitiki zamakhasimende abo, kubandakanya nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, imikhankaso yezokuvikela imboni kawoyela.

Amahlazo wakamuva

I-NYT idalula amasu e-FTI Consulting firm's shady embonini kawoyela: Phakathi ku Novemba 11, 2020 indatshana yeNew York Times, UHiroko Tabuchi wembula ukuthi i-FTI Consulting “isize kanjani ukuklama, abasebenzi nokuqhuba izinhlangano namawebhusayithi axhaswe yizinkampani zamandla ezingabonakala zimelela ukwesekwa emazingeni aphansi kohlelo lwezinto ezimbiwa phansi.” Ngokususelwa ezingxoxweni zakhe nabayishumi nababili ababengabasebenzi be-FTI namakhulu emibhalo yangaphakathi, uTabuchi ubika ngendlela i-FTI eyayiqapha ngayo izishoshovu zezemvelo, yaqhuba imikhankaso yezepolitiki ye-astroturf, yabamba izingosi ezimbili zezindaba nemininingwane futhi yabhala izindatshana ezisekela umkhakha mayelana nokuthwebula, ukumangalelwa kwesimo sezulu nokunye okushisayo Izinkinga zebutton ngesiqondiso esivela ku-Exxon Mobile.

IMonsanto kanye namafemu ayo e-PR bahlela umzamo we-GOP wokwesabisa abacwaningi bomdlavuza: U-Lee Fang kubikwe iThe Intercept ku-2019 kumadokhumenti aphakamisa ukuthi abalawuli abamelene neMonsanto futhi basebenzise ingcindezi yokwenza ucwaningo lwe-herbicide ehamba phambili emhlabeni, i-glyphosate. Indaba ibika ngamasu akhohlisayo e-PR, kufaka phakathi indlela i-FTI Consulting eyabhala ngayo incwadi emayelana nesayensi ye-glyphosate esayinwe ngusihlalo omkhulu we-GOP.

Imibhalo yeMonsanto yembula amaqhinga okudicilela phansi uphenyo lwentshisekelo yomphakathi: Imibhalo yangaphakathi yeMonsanto ekhishwe ngamacala enkantolo ngo-Agasti 2019 iveze amasu amaningi inkampani kanye namafemu ayo e-PR asetshenziselwe ukukhomba izintatheli nabanye abathonya abaphakamise ukukhathazeka ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nama-GMO, futhi bazama ukuphikisa uphenyo ngemisebenzi yabo yi-US Right to Know.

Bheka futhi ama-fact sheet ama-USRTK, asuselwa kumadokhumenti atholwe kuphenyo lwethu, abika ngabalingani benkampani yangaphandle abasiza ngokuvikela imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane: Ukulandelela Inethiwekhi Yezimboni Yezimboni Eziphathelene Nezibulala-zinambuzane.

NgoMeyi 2019, sabika ngamahlazo amaningi afaka amafemu eBayer PR:

Isikhalazo se 'Monsanto File'

Izintatheli at ULe Monde wabika ngoMeyi 9 ukuthi bathole "Ifayela leMonsanto" eyenziwe yinkampani yezobudlelwano bomphakathi iFleishmanHillard ibala "inqwaba yolwazi" cishe izintatheli ezingama-200, osopolitiki, ososayensi nabanye ababonakala bengaba nomthelela empikiswaneni ye-glyphosate eFrance. Le Monde ufake isikhalazo nehhovisi lomshushisi waseParis lisola ukuthi lo mbhalo ubandakanya ukuqoqwa nokuqhutshwa kwemininingwane yomuntu ngokungemthetho, okugqugquzela ihhovisi lomshushisi vula uphenyo lobugebengu. “Lokhu kutholakala okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kukhombisa ukuthi kunamasu anenhloso yokuthulisa amaphimbo aqinile. Ngiyabona ukuthi bebezama ukungihlukanisa, ” Lowo owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo waseFrance uSegolene Royal, okusohlwini, utshele iFrance 24 TV.

"Lokhu kutholakale kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kukhombisa ukuthi kunamasu afanele okuvala umsindo."

UFrancois Veillerette, isazi sezemvelo nasohlwini, utshele iFrance 24 ukuthi iqukethe imininingwane yokuxhumana yomuntu siqu, imibono nezinga lokuzibandakanya maqondana neMonsanto. "Lokhu kushaqisa kakhulu eFrance," esho. "Asicabangi ukuthi lokhu kuvamile." IBayer isivele yavuma ukuthi uFleishmanHillard waqamba “'uhlu lwamawashi 'lwezibalo ze-pro- noma anti-pesticides”Emazweni ayisikhombisa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kubika i-AFP. Lezi zinhlu zaziqukethe imininingwane ngezintatheli, osopolitiki namanye amaqembu athintekayo. I-AFP ithe yafaka isikhalazo enkampanini yezomthetho yaseFrance ngoba ezinye zezintatheli zayo zazisohlwini olwavela eFrance.

Bayer waxolisa futhi wakusho kwamiswa ubudlelwano bayo namafemu athintekayo, kubandakanya neFleishmanHillard kanye nePublicis Consultants, kusalindwe uphenyo. "Okusemqoka kakhulu kithi ukudala obala," Kusho uBayer. "Asikubekezeleli ukungaziphathi kahle enkampanini yethu." (Amafemu kamuva asulwa ekwenzeni okungalungile yinkampani yabameli eqashwe yiBayer.)

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

Ukubeka njengentatheli ecaleni likaMonsanto 

Ukwengeza ezinkingeni zeBayer PR, i-AFP ibike ngoMeyi 18 ukuthi umsebenzi wenye inkampani "yokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele" PR isebenza neBayer neMonsanto - FTI Consulting - wabanjwa ezenza intatheli ezimele ecaleni likahulumeni waseSan Francisco elaphela ngo Isahlulelo esingu- $ 80 million ngokumelene neBayer ngenxa yokukhathazeka komdlavuza we-glyphosate.

Isisebenzi se-FTI Consulting uSylvie Barak ubonakale exoxa nezintatheli ngemibono yezindaba ecaleni. Uthe usebenzela i-BBC futhi akazange adalule ukuthi empeleni usebenzela inkampani ye-PR.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

UKetchum noFleishmanHillard basebenzisa i-GMO PR salvo

Ngo-2013, imboni yezolimo yathinta uFleishmanHillard noKetchum, bobabili ababengabakwa-Omnicom, ukuzokwakha PR kuyacasula ukuvuselela isithombe yemikhiqizo yayo ehlanganisiwe ye-GMO nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Kukhethwe iMonsanto UFleishmanHillard ukuze "akhe kabusha" igama lakhe phakathi "kokuphikisana okukhulu" nokudla okushintshwe izakhi zofuzo, ngokusho kweHolmes Report. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, uFleishmanHillard naye waba yi- I-ejensi ye-PR yerekhodi leBayer, kanye noMkhandlu Wezolwazi Lwezinto Eziphilayo (i-CBI) - iqembu lokuhweba kuxhaswe ngemali IBayer (iMonsanto), iCorteva (iDowDuPont), iSyngenta neBASF - baqashe inkampani yezobudlelwano nomphakathi yakwaKetchum ukuze yethule umkhankaso wokumaketha obizwa nge-GMO Answers.

Amaqhinga okujija aqashwe yila mafemu afaka phakathi “wooing mama Blogger”Nokusebenzisa amazwi ochwepheshe okuthiwa“ abazimele ”ku-“susa ukudideka nokungathembani”Mayelana nama-GMO. Kodwa-ke, kwavela ubufakazi bokuthi amafemu e-PR ahlela futhi abhalele abanye ochwepheshe "abazimele". Isibonelo, imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa lokho Kubhalwe uKetchum okuthunyelwe kwe GMO Izimpendulo ezisayinwe ngu- Uprofesa wase-University of Florida owathi uzimele njengoba wayesebenza ekusithekeni neMonsanto kumaphrojekthi we-PR. Iphini likamongameli omkhulu eFleishmanHillard kuhlelwe inkulumo a UC Davis uprofesa futhi wamqeqesha kanjani "ukunqoba abantu ekamelweni" at an Impikiswano ye-IQ2 ukukholisa umphakathi ukwamukela ama-GMO. UKetchum naye unikeze uprofesa amaphuzu okukhuluma kwinhlolokhono yomsakazo mayelana nocwaningo lwesayensi.

Izifundiswa beziyizithunywa ezibalulekile zemizamo yokunxenxa izimboni ukuthi ziphikisane nokulebula kwe-GMO, kubika i INew York Times ngo-2015. "Osolwazi / abacwaningi / ososayensi banesigqoko esikhulu esimhlophe kule mpikiswano kanye nokwesekwa ezifundazweni zabo, kusuka kosopolitiki kuya kubakhiqizi," uBill Mashek, iphini likamongameli eKetchum, wabhalela uprofesa wase-University of Florida. "Qhubeka nomsebenzi omuhle!" Iqembu lezentengiselwano le-CBI lisebenzise imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-11 zamaRandi kwi-GMO Answers kaKetchum kusukela ngo-2013, ngokusho kwamarekhodi entela.

Impumelelo ye-GMO Answers 'management management'

Njengophawu olulodwa lwempumelelo yalo njengethuluzi le-PR spin, Izimpendulo zeGMO zazikhona kufakwe ohlwini lomklomelo wokukhangisa we-CLIO ngo-2014 esigabeni se- “Crisis Management & Issue Management.” Kule vidiyo ye-CLIO, uKetchum uziqhayisa ngokuthi kucishe kwaphindaphindeka kanjani ukunakwa kwabezindaba ngama-GMO kanye "nokulinganisa okungu-80% kokusebenzisana" ku-Twitter. Okuningi kwalokhu kuxhumana okuku-inthanethi kuvela kuma-akhawunti abonakala ezimele futhi awadaluli ukuxhumana kwawo nomkhankaso we-PR wemboni.

Yize ividiyo kaKetchum ithi Izimpendulo zeGMO "zizokuchaza kabusha obala" ngolwazi oluvela kochwepheshe "abangenalutho oluhlungiwe noma olucutshunguliwe, futhi kungekho mazwi athulisiwe," uhlelo lweMonsanto PR luphakamisa ukuthi inkampani ibheke izimpendulo zeGMO ukusiza imikhiqizo yayo ngendlela efanele. I- idokhumenti kusuka ku-2015 kubhalwe Izimpendulo ze-GMO phakathi "kwabalingani bemboni" lokho kungasiza ukuvikela i-Roundup ekukhathazekeni komdlavuza; esigabeni "sezinsizakusebenza" esisekhasini 4, lolu hlelo lubhale izixhumanisi eziya kuzimpendulo ze-GMO kanye nemibhalo yeMonsanto engadlulisa umyalezo wenkampani othi "iGlyphosate ayiyona i-carcinogenic."

Le vidiyo yeKetchum yathunyelwa kuwebhusayithi ye-CLIO futhi yasuswa ngemuva kokuyinaka.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

UHillard noKetchum ka-Omnicom: imilando yenkohliso

Kungani noma iyiphi inkampani ingabeka uFleishmanHillard noma uKetchum phambi kwemizamo yokukhuthaza ukwethembana kunzima ukuyiqonda, uma kubhekwa umlando wabo wenkohliso ebhaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo:

Kuze kube ngo-2016, uKetchum wayengu- PR ngokuqinile eRussia kanye noVladimir Putin. Ngokuvumelana ne imibhalo etholwe yiProPublica, UKetchum wabanjwa ebeka ama-pro-Putin op-eds ngaphansi kwamagama "ochwepheshe ababonakala bezimele" ezindaweni ezahlukene zezindaba. Ngo-2015, i- Uhulumeni waseHonduran ohlangene waqasha uKetchum ukuzama ukuvuselela isithunzi sayo ngemuva kwesigameko senkohlakalo esabiza izigidi zamadola.

Imibhalo idalulwe kuMama Jones kukhombisa ukuthi uKetchum usebenze nenkampani yonogada ezimele "ehlola iGreenpeace nezinye izinhlangano zemvelo kusukela ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s okungenani ngonyaka ka-2000, bephanga imibhalo emigqonyeni kadoti, bezama ukutshala izinkampani ezifihlekile ngaphakathi kwamaqembu, ukufaka amahhovisi amahhovisi, ukuqoqa amarekhodi efoni ezishoshovu, nemihlangano eyimfihlo engena ngaphakathi. ” UFleishmanHillard uphinde wabanjwa esebenzisa amaqhinga angekho emthethweni wokulwa nabameli bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nabameli bokulawulwa kukagwayi egameni lenkampani kagwayi iRJ Reynolds, ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe nguRuth Malone ku Ijenali yaseMelika Yezempilo Yomphakathi. Inkampani i-PR ize yaqopha ngokufihla umsindo imihlangano nezingqungquthela zokulawulwa kukagwayi.

UFileishman uHillard wayenjalo inkampani yezobudlelwano nomphakathi yeThe Tobacco Institute, okuyinhlangano eyinhloko yezimboni zikagwayi, iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Embhalweni ka-1996 Washington Post, uMorton Mintz elandisa le ndaba ngendlela iFleishmanHillard neTobacco Institute abaguqula ngayo iSikhungo Sempilo esincomekayo saba yiqembu eliphambili lomkhakha kagwayi emzamweni wawo wokuqeda ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngobungozi bokubhema intuthu kagwayi. UKethum futhi wasebenzela imboni kagwayi.

Womabili la mafemu kwesinye isikhathi asebenze ezinhlangothini zombili zodaba. UFleishmanHillard ubelokhu kuqashwe imikhankaso yokulwa nokubhema. Ku-2017, uKetchum wethule i- i-spin-off firm ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Cultivate ukwenza imali emakethe yokudla ephilayo ekhulayo, noma ngabe izimpendulo ze-GMO zikaKetchum zikuhlambalazile ukudla okungokwemvelo, zithi abathengi bakhokha “imali ephezulu” yokudla okungcono kunokudla okulinywa ngokujwayelekile.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

Ukubonisana kwe-FTI: ukukhohliswa kwesimo sezulu kanye nezibopho eziningi zikagwayi

I-FTI Consulting, "ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele" PR eqinile esebenza neBayer futhi okwakungumsebenzi wakhe wabanjwa ezenza intatheli ocwaningweni lwakamuva lomdlavuza weRoundup eSan Francisco, wabelana ngokufana okuningana noFleishmanHillard noKetchum, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamaqhinga okucasha, ukungabi sobala kanye nomlando wokusebenzisana nomkhakha kagwayi.

Ifemu yaziwa njengomdlali ophambili emizameni ye-ExxonMobil yokubalekela ukubhekana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Njengo-Elana Schor no-Andrew Restuccia kubikwe ePolitico ngo-2016:

“Ngaphandle kuka [Exxon] uqobo, ukuvimba okukhulu kwezwi kulokho okuvelayo kuqhamuke e-FTI Consulting, okuyinkampani egcwele abasizi bakudala beRiphabhulikhi esize ukuhlanganisa i-GOP ekuvikeleni izibaseli. Ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se-Energy in Depth, okuwumsebenzi owenzelwe i-Independent Petroleum Association of America, i-FTI ifake izintatheli ngama-imeyili aphakamisa “ukuhlangana” phakathi kwezishoshovu eziluhlaza kanye nama-AGs ombuso, futhi yaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana noxhaso lwe-InsideClimate's Rockefeller. ”

Abasebenzi bakwa-FTI Consulting bake babanjwa bezenza izintatheli phambilini. UKaren Savage ubike Januwari 2019 kuzindaba Zesimo Sezulu Sezulu, “Osomaqhinga ababili bezobudlelwano nomphakathi abamele i-Exxon muva nje bazenze izintatheli emzamweni wokuxoxisana nommeli omele imiphakathi yaseColorado emangalela i-Exxon ngomonakalo ohlobene nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Osomaqhinga — uMichael Sandoval noMatt Dempsey — baqashwe yi-FTI Consulting, okuyinkampani ende exhumene nemboni kawoyela negesi. ” Ngokusho kwe-Climate Liability News, la madoda amabili abhalwe njengababhali beWestern Wire, iwebhusayithi ephethwe yizintshisekelo zikawoyela futhi enabasebenzi be-FTI Consulting, ebuye inikeze abasebenzi kwi-Energy In Depth, ucwaningo olwenziwe ngophethiloli umkhankaso wokufinyelela emphakathini. ”

I-Energy In Depth yaziveza njenge "mama ne-pop shop" emele abahlinzeki bamandla amancane kepha yadalwa yizinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi ukunxenxa ukuqedwa komthetho, I-DeSmog blog ibike ngo-2011. Iqembu le-Greenpeace lathola i Imemo yomkhakha we-2009 ichaza I-Energy In Depth “njengomkhankaso omusha womkhakha obanzi wemboni… wokulwa nemithetho emisha yezemvelo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuqhekeka kuka-hydraulic” “obekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kokuzibophezela kwezezimali kusenesikhathi” kwezintshisekelo ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi ezibandakanya iBP, iHalliburton, iChevron, I-Shell, i-XTO Energy (manje ephethwe yi-ExxonMobil).

Esinye isici esifana nalawa mafemu yizinhlangano zawo zemboni kagwayi. I-FTI Consulting “inomlando omude wokusebenzisana nemboni kagwayi,” ngokusho kuka AmaTactics Tactics.org. Ukuseshwa kwelabhulali ye-UCSF Tobacco Industry Documents uletha amadokhumende angaphezu kuka-2,400 XNUMX ephathelene ne-FTI Consulting.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

Ukubikwa okuningi kumahlazo kaBayer PR

Ukufunda ngesiFulentshi:

Ukufunda ngesiNgisi:

Imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane eyinhloko iqembu le-PR liyavalwa; Izimpendulo zeGMO zidlulela kuCropLife

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
Posted on by UStacy Malkan

I-Council for Biotechnology Information (CBI), okuyisinyathelo esikhulu sobudlelwano bomphakathi esethulwe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule ngokuhola izinkampani zezolimo ukunxenxa umphakathi ukuthi wamukele ama-GMO kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, sekuvalile. Okhulumela i-imeyili ukuqinisekisile nge-imeyili ukuthi i-CBI "ichithakele ekupheleni kuka-2019, nezimpahla zayo, kubalwa nenkundla yezimpendulo i-GMO, zidluliselwe eCrocLife International yaseBelgium."

Ukudalulwa kwangaphambilini kusuka ku-GMOAnswers.com

I-CBI isaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukubukwa komkhakha namaqembu angaphambili nge ikhasi layo le-Facebook, Its iphrojekthi ye-flagship Izimpendulo ze-GMO, umkhankaso wokumaketha owandisa amazwi ezifundiswa ukukhuthaza ama-GMO kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, manje uthi uxhaso lwawo luvela kwaCropLife, iqembu lokuhweba lamazwe omhlaba lezinkampani zokubulala izinambuzane.

GMOAnswers.com iwebhusayithi manje iyachaza, "Kusukela ngo-2020, iGMO Answers wuhlelo lweCropLife International." Le webhusayithi iphinde ibhale umlando waleli qembu “njengomkhankaso owenziwe yi-The Council for Biotechnology Information, onamalungu ayo abandakanya iBASF, Bayer, Dow AgroSciences, iDuPont, iMonsanto Company neSyngenta.”

Bona iphepha lethu lamaqiniso elisha ngemininingwane eminingi ngemisebenzi ye- Umkhandlu Wezokwazisa nge-Biotechnology kanye nezimpendulo ze-GMO

"Ukuqeqesha abakhulumela abantu besithathu"

I-CBI ichithe imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama- $ 28 emizamweni yayo yokuvikela umkhiqizo kusuka ku-2014-2019, ngokusho kwamarekhodi entela. (Amafomu entela neminye imibhalo esekelayo ithunyelwe lapha.)

Amafomu entela aqhakambisa indima ebaluleke kakhulu engabahlanganyeli “bomuntu wesithathu” - ikakhulukazi izifundiswa, odokotela bokudla kanye nabalimi - abadlala imizamo yokuvikela imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni zezibulala-zinambuzane nembewu. Into yomugqa kuma-CBI's Ifomu lentela lika-2015 ngezigidi eziyi-1.4 zamaRandi ezichithwe eNyakatho Melika kuyaphawulwa: “ICanada igxile ekuqeqesheni abantu abakhuluma nabo (abalimi, izifundiswa, odokotela bokudla) ukufundisa abezindaba nomphakathi ngezinzuzo ze-ag biotech.” EMexico, ifomu lentela liphawula ukuthi, i-CBI "ibibambe ukuqeqeshwa kwabezindaba nezingqungquthela zabafundi, abalimi, kanye nezifundiswa" futhi "ibambisene namaqembu abalimi, izifundiswa, kanye nohlu lokudla ukuqinisa ukwamukelwa" kwama-GMO. I-CBI futhi "idale izingxoxo zenqubomgomo zomthethoama-ators. ”

Izindleko ezinkulu ze-CBI, ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-14 zamaRandi kusukela ngo-2013, zazenzelwe Inkampani yakwaKetchum yomphakathi ukwenza i-GMO Answers, ekhuthaza amazwi nokuqukethwe kochwepheshe "abazimele", iningi labo elinobudlelwano nomkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane. Yize izimpendulo zeGMO ziveza uxhaso lwezimboni zalo, imisebenzi ibe ngaphansi kokusobala.

Amanye amaqembu axhaswe yi-CBI afaka i-Global Farmer's Network kanye Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ehlele uchungechunge lwe “Amakamu ebhuthi” emanyuvesi aphezulu ukuqeqesha ososayensi nezintatheli ukukhuthaza nokunxenxa ama-GMO kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-CBI nayo ikhiqize incwadi yezingane yokufaka imibala nomsebenzi ukugqugquzela imibono yezimboni kwi-biotechnology. I- isixhumanisi sencwadi, kanye newebhusayithi ye-WhyBiotech.com eyenziwe yi-CBI, manje eqondisa kabusha eqenjini lokuhweba labakhiqizi nabasabalalisi bama-cannabinoids asuselwa ku-hemp.

I-Backstory: Ukwakha umbono womphakathi ngama-GMO

The I-backstory ye-CBI yachazwa ngo-2001 ngumhlaziyi wemboni yezobudlelwano bomphakathi uPaul Holmes, umsunguli we-PRovoke (phambilini owaba yiHolmes Report): Ngo-1999, izinkampani eziyisikhombisa ezihamba phambili zokubulala izinambuzane kanye namaqembu azo ezohwebo “zahlangana njengomfelandawonye futhi zakha uhlelo lolwazi lomphakathi oluholwa umkhakha” "Kwakha umbono womphakathi kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqubomgomo yomphakathi nge-biotechnology yokudla." I-CBI "izokwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwento yonke yokudla"… ukugxila ekukhuthazeni izinzuzo ze-biotechnology yokudla, ”kubika uHolmes.

“Umkhankaso ungaphikisana nokugxekwa kokuthi ukudla kwe-biotech bekungaphephile, ngokugcizelela ukuhlolwa okubanzi kokudla kwe-biotech,” futhi “kuzohlelwa ukuze kuphendulwe imibuzo nokukhathazeka okuvela emphakathini futhi kuphendulwe ulwazi olungelona iqiniso kanye 'nokwethusa amaqhinga' ngabaphikisi be-biotechnology , ”Kuphawula uHolmes. Uchaze ukuthi imininingwane izotholwa ngumphakathi "hhayi kuphela ngemboni ye-biotechnology, kodwa ngemithombo ehlukahlukene yezemfundo, isayensi, uhulumeni kanye nemithombo ezimele, evela eceleni."

Ukuvela kweminyaka emibili kwe-CBI nakho kugcizelela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane / i-GMO. Isungula amalungu e-CBI ayekhona I-BASF, iDow Chemical, iDuPont, iMonsanto, iNovartis, imikhiqizo yeZeneca Ag, i-Aventis CropScience, i-American Crop Protection Association (manje eyiCropLife) ne-BIO.

Lezi zinkampani eziyisikhombisa selokhu zahlanganiswa zaba ezine: I-Aventis neMonsanto zamuncwa Bayer; IDow Chemical neDuPont baba yiDow / DuPont futhi baqala imisebenzi yebhizinisi lezolimo ukuze ICorteva Agriscience; INovartis neZenica (ezahlanganiswa kamuva ne-Astra) zahlangana ndawonye ngaphansi kwesibhengezo se- Syngenta (okwathi kamuva yaphinde yathola iChemChina); ngenkathi BASF kutholakale okuphawulekayo izimpahla ezivela eBayer.

Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:

Ishidi lamaqiniso le-CBI

Ishidi lamaqiniso lempendulo le-GMO

Ishidi lamaqiniso lokubuyekezwa kwezifundo

Amashidi amaningi weqiniso avela e-US Right to Know: Ukulandelela inethiwekhi yenkulumo-ze yomkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane

I-US Right to Know iyiqembu labaphenyi elingenzi nzuzo elenza uphenyo oluqhakazile ukuveza ukuthi izintshisekelo ezinamandla zokudla nezimboni zamakhemikhali zikuthinta kanjani ukudla esikudlayo nokondla izingane zethu. 

Umkhandlu Wezokwaziswa Kwe-Biotechnology, Izimpendulo ze-GMO, iCropLife: izinhlelo zemboni yokubulala izinambuzane PR 

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
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I-Council for Biotechnology Information (CBI) bekungumkhankaso wobudlelwano bomphakathi owasungulwa ngo-Ephreli 2000 yizinkampani eziyisikhombisa ezihamba phambili zamakhemikhali / imbewu kanye namaqembu abo ezohwebo ukunxenxa umphakathi ukuthi wamukele ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Lesi sinyathelo senziwe ngokuphendula ukukhathazeka komphakathi mayelana nezingozi zezempilo nezemvelo zokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo, futhi uthe kuzogxilwa kuyo ukwenza imifelandawonye kulo lonke uchungechunge lokudla ukukhuthaza izitshalo ze-GMO (“ag biotech”) njengenzuzo.

I-CBI ivalile isitolo e2019 futhi yahambisa izimpahla zayo - kufaka phakathi umkhankaso wokumaketha Izimpendulo ze-GMO, eziqhutshwa yinkampani yakwaKetchum PR - ngaphesheya kweCropLife International, iqembu lokuhweba lamazwe omhlaba lezinkampani zokubulala izinambuzane.

Bheka: Iqembu eliyinhloko lezinkulumo-ze zomkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane I-CBI iyavala; Izimpendulo zeGMO zidlulela kuCropLifeI-USRTK (2020)

Ifomu lentela le-CBI: ligxile kubantu besithathu

I-CBI isebenzise ngaphezulu kwe- $ 28 million kusuka ku-2014-2019, ngokusho kwamarekhodi wentela (bona 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) kumaphrojekthi akhuthaza ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Njengoba kuphawulwe kwifomu lentela ka-2015, I-CBI ibigxile ngokusobala ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqeqesheni abakhulumeli benkampani yangaphandle - ikakhulukazi izifundiswa, abalimi kanye nochwepheshe bezokudla - ukukhuthaza imibono yezimboni ngezinzuzo zama-GMO.

Amaphrojekthi axhaswe yi-CBI afaka izimpendulo ze-GMO (ngefemu yezobudlelwano bomphakathi neKetchum); Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo, iqembu elalithi alizimele ngemboni; Izinkambu zeBiotech Literacy Project ezinkampanini ezibanjelwe emanyuvesi aphezulu (nge-Academics Review) kanye neGlobal Farmer Network.

Izimpendulo ze-GMO / Ketchum

Izimpendulo ze-GMO yi- iwebhusayithi yezokumaketha kanye nomkhankaso wobudlelwano bomphakathi esebenzisa amazwi ezifundiswa nabanye ukukhuthaza ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. I-CBI isebenzise amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-14.4 enkampanini yezobudlelwano bomphakathi neKetchum phakathi kuka-2014-2019 ukuqhuba i-PR salvo, ngokusho kwamafomu entela.

Izimpendulo zeGMO ziveza uxhaso lwazo lomkhakha kwiwebhusayithi yayo futhi ithi ithuthukisa imibono yochwepheshe abazimele. Kodwa-ke, izibonelo zivele ukuthi uKetchum PR wabhala ezinye zezimpendulo ze-GMO ezinikezwa "ochwepheshe abazimele" (bheka izindaba ku New York Times futhi Forbes). Izimpendulo zeGMO zivela nasemibhalweni kaMonsanto PR njengabalingani emizameni yomkhakha yokwenza vikela ama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate kusuka ekukhathazekeni komdlavuza, naku zama ukudicilela phansi ucwaningo lwezintshisekelo zomphakathi uphenyo olwenziwe yi-US Right to Know ukuthola ubudlelwano obufihliwe phakathi kwezinkampani zokubulala izinambuzane kanye nezifundiswa ezithuthukisa imikhiqizo yezolimo.

Isibonelo sendlela izimpendulo zeGMO ezakha ngayo ithonya ngezintatheli ezibalulekile, bheka kubika eHuffington Post mayelana nokuthi uKetchum ubuhlobo obulinyiwe nomlobi wephephandaba waseWashington Post uTamar Haspel. UHaspel wayeyi umgqugquzeli wokuqala we-GMO Answers, futhi kamuva wabamba iqhaza kwi-CBI exhaswa ngemali Iphrojekthi Ye-Biotech Literacy imicimbi yemiyalezo. A ukubuyekezwa komthombo kwamakholomu kaHaspel aqhutshwa yi-USRTK uthole izibonelo eziningana zemithombo engaziwa yomkhakha nolwazi oludukisayo kuma-athikili akhe mayelana nezibulala-zinambuzane.

Izimpendulo zeGMO zamukelwa njengomzamo ophumelelayo we-spin ngo-2014 lapho wawunjalo kufakwe ohlwini lomklomelo wokukhangisa we-CLIO esigabeni se- "Public Relations: Crisis Management & Issue Management." Kwividiyo ekhiqizelwe lo mklomelo, uKetchum uziqhayisa ngokuthi i-GMO Answers "icishe yaphindeka kabili ukusakazwa kwabezindaba ngama-GMO," futhi wathi "bayayiqapha ngokusobala ingxoxo" ku-Twitter lapho "balinganise ngempumelelo ukusebenzisana okungu-80% nabaphikisi." Le vidiyo isuswe ngemuva kokuthi i-US Right to Know iyinakile, kepha thina uyigcine lapha.

Ukubika okuhlobene:

Monsanto idokhumenti ekhishwe ngo-2019

Ngenkathi i-USRTK ifaka ama-FOIAs ukuthi aphenye ubudlelwane bemboni nezifundiswa, IMonsanto yazilwela.

Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa

I-CBI inikeze ngemali engama- $ 650,000 ku- Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, engenzi-nzuzo ethi ikutholile ayikho imali yezinkampani. Leli qembu lasungulwa ngokubambisana nguBruce Chassy, ​​PhD, uprofesa osuka e-University of Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign, noDavid Tribe, PhD, umfundisi omkhulu e-University of Melbourne.

Kwasethwa imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know eveze ukubukezwa kwezifundo ngokusobala njengeqembu langaphambili ngosizo lwabaphathi beMonsanto kanye nomqondisi wangaphambili wezokuxhumana wenkampani UJay Byrne. Leli qembu lixoxe ngokusebenzisa i-Academics Review njengemoto yokuhlambalaza abagxeki bama-GMO kanye nezolimo, ukuthola iminikelo yenkampani nokufihla iminwe kaMonsanto.

Ukubika okuhlobene: Izigxivizo zeminwe zeMonsanto Zithole Konke Ukuhlaselwa Kwe-Organic Food, nguStacy Malkan, Huffington Post (2017)

Iphrojekthi ye-Biotech Literacy Project yenza imicimbi

I-CBI ichithe imali engaphezulu kwama- $ 300,000 kokukabili “Izinkambu zeBiotech Literacy Project”Eyayibanjelwe e-University of Florida ngo-2014 nase-University of California, eDavis ngo-2015, ngokusho kwamarekhodi entela. Le mali ihanjiswe nge-Academics Review, ebihlele izingqungquthela kanye ne- Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project, elinye iqembu elisiza iMonsanto ngamaphrojekthi we-PR ngenkathi ithi izimele.

Izinsuku ezintathu imicimbi yekamu ebhuthini eqeqeshiwe abafundi, ososayensi kanye nezintatheli ezindleleni zokuxhumana nezokunxenxa ukukhuthaza nokuvikela ama-GMO nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, futhi babe nezinhloso ezicacile zezepolitiki zokunqanda ukufakwa kwelebuli le-GMO e-US

Ukubika okuhlobene:  Ukugcwala kwama-GMO: Indlela imboni ye-biotech eyihlakulela ngayo imithombo yezindaba eyakhayo - futhi ikukhuthaze ukugxekwa, NguPaul Thacker, The Progressive (2017)

Amaqembu kaMonsanto 'abalingani' avikela i-Roundup 

Yize i-GMO Answers, Academics Review kanye ne-Genetic Literacy Project zonke zathi zazimele ngaphandle kwethonya lemboni, womathathu la maqembu avela Imibhalo ye-Monsanto PR “njengabalingani bemboni” inkampani yenze imizamo yayo yokwenza vikela ama-herbicides asuselwa ku-glyphosate asuselwa ekukhathazekeni komdlavuza.

Idokhumenti yeMonsanto PR ixoxa ngezinhlelo zokuvikela i-Roundup ekukhathazekeni ngomdlavuza

Incwadi yokubala yezingane

I-CBI nayo ikhiqize incwadi yezingane yokufaka imibala nomsebenzi ukukhuthaza ama-GMO. I- isixhumanisi sencwadi, kanye newebhusayithi ye-WhyBiotech.com eyenziwe yi-CBI, manje eqondisa kabusha eqenjini lokuhweba labakhiqizi nabasabalalisi bama-cannabinoid asuselwa ku-hemp.

Okuhlobene nathi US Right to know posts

Izimpendulo ze-GMO iyithuluzi le-PR lokulawulwa kwezinkinga ze-GMO kanye ne-pesticides (kubuyekezwe ngo-2020)

Iqembu eliyinhloko lezinkulumo-ze zomkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane I-CBI iyavala; Izimpendulo zeGMO zidlulela kuCropLife (2020)

Umkhankaso weMonsanto wokulwa ne-US Right to Know (2019)

IMonsanto ithembele kulaba 'abalingani' bayohlasela ososayensi abaphezulu bomdlavuza (2019)

Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa: Ukwenziwa Kweqembu Langaphambili LeMonsanto (2018)

Iphrojekthi kaJon Entine's Genetic Literacy Project: Izithunywa ze-PR zeMonsanto, iBayer kanye neMboni Yamakhemikhali (2018)

UTamar Haspel ubadukisa kanjani abafundi beWashington Post futhi ukubuyekeza umthombo wamakholomu we-Haspel wezibulala-zinambuzane (2018)

Inkampani yaseRussia eyayiyi-PR uKetchum uqhuba imboni yamakhemikhali i-PR salvo kwi-GMO (2015)

Izimpendulo zeGMO ngumkhankaso wokumaketha nowokuxhumana nomphakathi wezinkampani ezibulala izinambuzane

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Izibuyekezo:

kuphendula u-ketchum gmo

Izimpendulo ze-GMO ikhokhiswa njengesithangami lapho abathengi bangathola khona izimpendulo eziqondile kochwepheshe abazimele ngokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo, kanti ezinye izintatheli zikuthatha ngokungathi sína njengomthombo ongachemile. Kepha iwebhusayithi iyithuluzi lokumaketha lezimboni eliqonde ngqo ukuhambisa ama-GMO ngendlela efanele.

Ubufakazi bokuthi Izimpendulo ze-GMO iyithuluzi lepropaganda elilawula ukubhekana nezinkinga elingenakwethenjelwa.

Izimpendulo zeGMO zenziwa njengemoto yokuhambisa umbono womphakathi ngokuthanda ama-GMO. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba iMonsanto kanye nabalingani bayo behlule isinyathelo sokuvota sika-2012 sokuqamba ama-GMO eCalifornia, eMonsanto umemezele izinhlelo ukwethula umkhankaso omusha wobudlelwano nomphakathi wokwakha kabusha idumela lama-GMO. Baqashe inkampani yezobudlelwano nomphakathi iFleishmanHillard (ephethwe ngu-Omnicom) ukuthola i umkhankaso wabayisikhombisa.

Njengengxenye yomzamo, inkampani ye-PR iKetchum (nayo ephethwe ngu-Omnicom) yaqashwa yi-Council for Biotechnology Information - ixhaswe iMonsanto, BASF, Bayer, Dow, Dupont neSyngenta - ukudala i-GMOAnswers.com. Isayithi lithembise uku susa ukudideka futhi ususe ukungathembani mayelana nama-GMO asebenzisa amazwi angahleliwe okuthiwa “ochwepheshe abazimele.”

Kepha bazimele kangakanani labo ngoti?

Iwebhusayithi igawula amaphuzu okuxoxa aqanjwe ngokucophelela axoxa indaba enhle ngama-GMO ngenkathi edlala phansi noma engazinaki izingozi zezempilo nezemvelo. Isibonelo, lapho ubuzwa ukuthi ngabe ama-GMO aqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, leli sayithi linikeza u-convoluted no, ngaphandle kwemininingwane ebuyekezwe ngontanga ekhombisa ukuthi, yebo, empeleni, kunjalo.

Izitshalo ze- "Roundup Ready" ze-GMO zikhulise ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate, a mhlawumbe umdlavuza womuntu, by amakhulu ezigidi zamaphawundi. Uhlelo olusha lwe-GMO / pesticide olubandakanya i-dicamba seluholele ekubhujisweni kwe izitshalo zesoya phesheya kwe-US, kanye ne-FDA ibamba iqhaza kulo nyaka ukusetshenziswa kathathu ka-2,4-D, i-herbicide endala enobuthi, ngenxa yezitshalo ezintsha ze-GMO ezenzelwe ukumelana nayo. Konke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo, ngokusho kwe-GMO Answers.

Imibuzo ephathelene nokuphepha iphendulwa ngezitatimende ezingamanga ezifana nokuthi "zonke izinhlangano zezempilo ezihola phambili emhlabeni zisekela ukuphepha kwama-GMO." Asitholanga kukhulunywa ngesitatimende esisayinwe ososayensi, odokotela kanye nezifundiswa ezingama-300 abathi kukhona “akukho ukuvumelana kwesayensi ngokuphepha kwe-GMO,”Futhi asizitholanga izimpendulo zemibuzo esiyithumele ngalesi sitatimende.

Izibonelo zivele lokho I-Ketchum PR ibhale ezinye izimpendulo ze-GMO lawo asayinwa “ochwepheshe abazimele.”

Uhlu olufushane lomklomelo we-PR wokulawulwa kwezinkinga

Njengobunye ubufakazi isiza siyimoto ye-spin: Ngo-2014, Izimpendulo ze-GMO kwaba njalo kufakwe ohlwini lomklomelo wokukhangisa we-CLIO esigabeni se- "Public Relations: Crisis Management & Issue Management."

Futhi inkampani ye-PR edale izimpendulo ze-GMO yazishaya isifuba ngethonya layo kwizintatheli. Ku-video efakwe kwi-website ye-CLIO, uKetchum uzishaye isifuba ngokuthi i-GMO Answers “icishe yakuphinda kabili ukusakazwa kwabezindaba ngama-GMO.” Le vidiyo isuswe ngemuva kokuthi i-US Right to Know iyinakile, kepha thina uyigcine lapha.

Kungani izintatheli zingayethemba imoto yokumaketha eyakhiwe nguKetchum njengomthombo othembekile kunzima ukuyiqonda. Ketchum, okwaze kwaba yi-2016 PR ngokuqinile eRussia, kufakiwe ku imizamo yobunhloli ngokumelene nokungenzi inzuzo ukhathazekile ngama-GMO. Awusiwona umlando ozibandakanya ekuqedeni ukungathembani.

Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi Izimpendulo ze-GMO iyithuluzi lokumaketha elenziwe futhi lixhaswe yizinkampani ezidayisa ama-GMO, sicabanga ukuthi kungumdlalo ofanele ukubuza ukuthi: Ngabe “ochwepheshe abazimele” ababoleka ukwethembeka kuwebhusayithi - abaningi babo abasebenzela amanyuvesi kahulumeni futhi abakhokhelwa ngabakhokhi bentela - ozimele ngokweqiniso futhi osebenzela umphakathi? Noma basebenza ngokubambisana nezinkampani kanye namafemu obudlelwano bomphakathi ukusiza ukuthengisa umphakathi indaba ye-spin?

Ekufuneni lezi zimpendulo, i-US Right to Know ifake izicelo ze-Freedom of Information Act Ukufuna ukuxhumana kosolwazi abaxhaswa ngemali ababhalela iGMOAnswers.com noma basebenze kweminye imizamo yokukhuthaza i-GMO. Ama-FOIA yizicelo ezincanyana ezingafaki imininingwane yomuntu siqu noma yezifundo, kepha kunalokho funa ukuqonda ukuxhumana okukhona phakathi kosolwazi, izinkampani zezolimo ezithengisa ama-GMO, izinhlangano zazo zezohwebo kanye nama-PR kanye namafemu okusiza aqashelwe ukukhuthaza ama-GMO kanye nokulwa nokufakwa amalebula ngakho-ke sigcinwa ebumnyameni ngalokho esikudlayo.

Landela imiphumela ye- Uphenyo lwase-US Right to Know lapha.

Bona wethu I-Pesticide Industry Propaganda Tracker ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nabadlali ababalulekile emikhakheni yamakhemikhali emizamweni yokuxhumana nomphakathi.

Ungasiza ukwandisa uphenyo lweLungelo Lokwazi ngo wenza umnikelo ongadonswa ngentela namuhla. 

UNina Fedoroff: Ukugqugquzela igunya lesayensi yaseMelika ukubuyisela iMonsanto

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Amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo:

  • Njengomongameli nosihlalo webhodi le-AAAS kusuka ngo-2011-2013, uDkt Fedoroff uthuthukise izinhloso zenqubomgomo yomkhakha wezolimo. Manje usebenzela inkampani yezikhalazo.
  • Imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa ukuthi ubudlelwane bomphakathi kanye nemizamo yokunxenxa kuhlanganiswa kanjani ekusithekeni phakathi kwemboni yezolimo, amaqembu angaphambili kanye nezifundiswa ezibonakala zizimele.
  • UDkt Fedoroff ukhuthaza izinhlangano ezidukisa umphakathi mayelana nesayensi nobudlelwano bazo ezimbonini.

UNina Fedoroff, i-PhD, ungomunye wososayensi abanethonya elikhulu abalwela ukwanda nokuncishiswa kokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Ungumongameli wangaphambilini we-American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011-2012) futhi owayengusihlalo we-AAAS Board of Directors (2012-2013). Ungu- umeluleki omkhulu wesayensi kusukela ngo-2015 e-OFW Law, inkampani yokubamba iqhaza lapho amaklayenti afakiwe Syngenta futhi Umkhandlu Wezokwaziswa Kwe-Biotechnology, iqembu lokuhweba elimele iBayer (engumnikazi weMonsanto), iBASF, iCorteva (isigaba seDowDuPont) neSyngenta.

Kusukela ngo-2007-2010, uDkt Fedoroff wasebenza njengomeluleki wesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuNobhala Wezwe kanye noMphathi we-USAID ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukaGeorge W. Bush kanye no-Obama. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wayengu- ilungu lebhodi we-Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, inkampani yamakhemikhali yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-biotech; kanye ne Ilungu lebhodi elelulekayo ye-Evogene, inkampani ye-biotechnology esebenzisana nayo DuPont, Syngenta, Bayer futhi Monsanto. 

Ngo-2017, uDkt Fedoroff wakhuthaza uMkhandlu WaseMelika Wezesayensi Nempilo Incwadi ethi “junk science” eceleni kososayensi ababili abahambisana namaqembu aphika isayensi yezulu kanye nokunxenxa imikhiqizo kagwayi.

NjengoNobhala Wezwe uHillary “Umbusi wesayensi kaClinton, "UDkt Fedoroff wasebenza njengonozakuzaku we"GMO yonke indlela”Ngenqubomgomo yaseMelika yezangaphandle, uTom Philpott wabika eGrist ngo-2008 nango-2009. I-Pesticide Action Network yaseNyakatho Melika ichaze uDkt. Fedoroff ngokuthi“inxusa laseMelika ngokoqobo ”lobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ngokusho kukaGreenpeace, uDkt. Fedoroff ube “a ummeli oshisekayo wokwanda komhlaba jikelele kweGM ukudla (okushintshwe izakhi zofuzo) kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. ”

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuba ngumongameli nosihlalo we-AAAS, i ngobukhulu emhlabeni umphakathi wesayensi eyahlukahlukene, uDkt Fedoroff waqokomisa lezo zindima ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezepolitiki embonini yezolimo: iBhodi labaPhathi be-AAAS ngaphansi kosihlalo wayo yakhipha isitatimende esibekelwe isikhathi sezepolitiki sokuphikisana nokulebula kwe-GMO ngo-2012; ngenkathi umongameli wenhlangano yesayensi ngo-2011, uDkt Fedoroff wasiza ekunqobeni isiphakamiso se-US EPA esasizodinga imininingwane eyengeziwe yezempilo nokuphepha yezitshalo ze-GMO, ngokusho kwama-imeyili achazwe ngezansi. Bheka, UNina Fedoroff, i-AAAS kanye nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. UDkt Fedoroff ne-AAAS abaphendulanga ezicelweni zempendulo.

Ukuhlangana namaqembu aphambili embonini ekhohlisayo nemizamo ye-PR

UDkt Fedoroff ukhuthaze futhi wasiza ukwenza ngokusemthethweni amaqembu athi angamazwi azimele esayensi kepha asebenza ngasese nemboni yezolimo ngezindlela ezidukisa umphakathi - kufaka phakathi amaqembu amabili asiza iMonsanto zama ukwehlisa isithunzi ososayensi abasebenza ophikweni lochwepheshe beWorld Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) oluchaza i-glyphosate njenge kungenzeka i-carcinogen yomuntu e 2015.

Umkhandlu WaseMelika Wezesayensi Nempilo (ACSH) uxhaswa ngu izinkampani zamakhemikhali, ezithaka imithi kanye nogwayi, ngokuvumelana ne kudalulwe imibhalo yangaphakathi lowo mbhalo wokuthi iqembu lizifaka kanjani izinsizakalo zalo ezinkampanini ngemikhankaso yokuvikela umkhiqizo. Ama-imeyili akhishwe ngezinqubo zenkantolo akhombisa ukuthi iMonsanto bavuma ukuxhasa i-ACSH ku-2015, futhi ucele iqembu ukuthi libhale ngalo umbiko womdlavuza we-IARC nge-glyphosate; I-ACSH ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathi umbiko womdlavuza wawungowokukhwabanisa okungokwesayensi.     

UDkt Fedoroff usize ukukhuthaza leli qembu njengomthombo osemthethweni wesayensi ku-2017 Umcimbi weNational Press Club ukwethula i-ACSH's “Little Black Book of Junk Science” Ababebonakala eceleni kukaDkt Fedoroff emcimbini wabezindaba bekungososayensi ababili abaxhumene namaqembu athi ukuphika isayensi yezulu futhi ukunxenxa imikhiqizo kagwayi:

Iphrojekthi Yezofuzo: UDkt Fedoroff ubaliwe njengelungu lebhodi kuwebhusayithi ye-Genetic Literacy Project, iqembu elithi lizimele kodwa abalingani neMonsanto kumaphrojekthi we-PR kanye nokunxenxa, ngokwemibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know. Imibhalo ekhishwe ekufayweni kwenkantolo ibonisa ukuthi iMonsanto ibhale leli qembu phakathi kwe- "Abalingani bemboni" behlela ukuzibandakanya nesu lokuhlela "ukukhala" ngokuhlolwa kwe-IARC kwe-glyphosate ukuze "kuvikelwe isithunzi ne-FTO ye-Roundup." IGenetic Literacy Project selokhu yathumela okungaphezulu kwe- Izihloko ze-200 egxeka i-ejensi yocwaningo lomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa komuntu siqu kososayensi ababandakanyeka embikweni we-glyphosate, ebasola uzungu, ukukhwabanisa, elele, inkohlakalo, imfihlo, nokukhuthazwa “inzuzo nokuyize. ”??

Ku-an uchungechunge lokuwina imiklomelo eLe Monde mayelana "nemizamo kaMonsanto yokucekela phansi i-UN ejensi yomdlavuza nganoma iyiphi indlela," izintatheli uStéphane Foucart noStéphane Horel bachaze iGenetic Literacy Project ne-ACSH "njengamawebhusayithi aziwa kakhulu enkulumo-ze" futhi bathi i-GLP "idliswa ngabantu be-PR abaxhumene izimboni zezibulala-zinambuzane ne-biotechnology. ” I-GLP yethulwe ngo-2011 nguJon Entine, onenkampani yezobudlelwano nomphakathi eyayineMonsanto njengekhasimende ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhlaselwa kwabaphenyi bomdlavuza kuwebhusayithi ye-Genetic Literacy Project ebala uDkt Fedoroff "njengelungu lebhodi":

Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa: UDkt Fedoroff ukhuthaze ukubuyekeza kwe-Academics njengomthombo wesayensi onokwethenjelwa esihlokweni sango-2012 ku Amathrendi ku-Genetics kanye nengxoxo ye-2016 ne-Washington Examiner mayelana ubuntatheli besayensi obumpofu. Imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo kwakungu usethe njengeqembu langaphambili ngosizo lweMonsanto ukudicilela phansi abagxeki bobunjiniyela kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ngenkathi ukugcina izigxivizo zeminwe zenkampani zifihliwe. Iqembu, okuyi bathi ukuzimela kodwa kwaba uxhaswe yizinkampani zezolimo, ahlasele imboni yezimboni “njengomkhonyovu wokumaketha.”

Ikamu leBiotech Literacy Boot Camp: UDkt Fedoroff wabalwa ohlwini lwe- ilungu lobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo we-Biotech Literacy Project “camp boot” owawubanjelwe e-UC Davis ngo-2015. Lo mcimbi wawuhlelwe ngamaqembu amabili e-PR, Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project futhi Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, futhi uxhaswe ngasese yizinkampani zezolimo ukuze “aqeqeshe ososayensi nezintatheli ukuhlela impikiswano ngama-GMO nobuthi be-glyphosate,” kubika uPaul Thacker ku-Okuqhubekayo. Izipikha zifake uhlu olujwayelekile lwabalingani bemboni ye-PR kubandakanya UJay Byrne, UJon Entine, UBruce Chassy, ​​uDavid Tribe, UHank Campbell we-ACSH futhi I-keynote by “iSci Babe.”

I-AgBioWorld: Ku-2012 Trends and Genetics wakhe esihlokweni, UDkt. Fedoroff wakhuthaza iwebhusayithi i-AgBioWorld ngokuthi “enye insiza eyigugu” yokufunda ngesayensi. Ngo-2002 ku-Guardian, UGeorge Monbiot uchaze ukuthi ithimba le-PR leMonsanto lisebenzise kanjani iwebhusayithi ye-AgBioWorld nama-akhawunti enkohliso ezokuxhumana nabantu ukuhlambalaza ososayensi nabezemvelo abaphakamise ukukhathazeka ngezitshalo zeGM. UMonbiot ubike:  

“Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, uJay Byrne, owayengumphathi [weMonsanto] wezokuxhumana nge-internet, wachazela amanye amafemu amaqhinga ayewasebenzisile eMonsanto. Ukhombise ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuthi aqale ukusebenza, izingosi eziphezulu ze-GM ezibalwe yinjini yokusesha kwi-inthanethi zonke zazigxeka ubuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kokungenelela kwakhe, izingosi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zonke bezingabasekeli (ezine zazo ezisungulwe yinkampani yakwaMonsanto's PR Bivings). Ubatshele ukuthi 'bacabange nge-intanethi njengesikhali esisetafuleni. Kuphakathi kokuthi uyayicosha noma umuntu oyincintisana naye uyayithatha, kodwa kukhona umuntu ozobulawa. '

Ngenkathi esebenzela iMonsanto, uByrne utshele iphephandaba le-inthanethi ukuthi Wow ukuthi 'usebenzisa isikhathi sakhe nomzamo wakhe ukubamba iqhaza' ezingxoxweni zewebhu mayelana ne-biotech. Ukhombe indawo i-AgBioWorld, lapho 'eqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yakhe idlala khona kahle.' I-AgBioWorld yisiza lapho [umlingisi mbumbulu online uMary] Smetacek aqala khona umkhankaso wakhe. ”

Ukuhlaselwa ku-Greenpeace: UDkt Fedoroff wakhuluma ku umcimbi wokucindezela we-2016 weqembu elizibiza “Sekela i-Precision Agriculture, ”Ebethula incwadi esayinwe ngabaklonyelizi bezindondo abangaphezu kwekhulu beNobel begxeka iGreenpeace ngokungahambisani kwabo namaGMO. Ababambisene nomkhakha wezolimo usizile ngomkhankaso, kufaka phakathi owayenguMqondisi Wezokuxhumana kaMonsanto UJay Byrne; iqembu langaphambili lokuhweba nge-biotech VP I-Val Giddings; noMat Winkler, oxhasa imali nge- Iphrojekthi ye-PR ye-Genetic Literacy Project futhi ibhalwe njenge- ilungu lebhodi kanye noDkt Fedoroff kuwebhusayithi yeqembu. Uhlobo lwe- .com lwewebhusayithi okuthiwa izimele ye- “Support Precision Agriculture” iqondiswe kabusha kwi-Genetic Literacy Project iminyaka (yahlukaniswa ngemuva kokuthi siyinake ku-2019). Ku- ama-imeyili avela ku-2011, U-Byrne wakhomba i-Greenpeace ohlwini lwama "target" ayelwenzela iMonsanto enamagama abagxeki bezimboni ababengabhekana nabo ngemuva kwekhava iqembu lezemfundo elixhaswe ngezimboni lokho kwavela ngokuzimela.

Umngani we GMO Izimpendulo: UDkt Fedoroff uyi isazi esizimele Izimpendulo ze-GMO, a Umkhankaso we-PR owenziwe ubudlelwano bomphakathi kaKetchum, ene-a umlando wokusebenzisa amaqhinga akhohlisayo ukuthonya umphakathi. Yize uKetchum ebanga umkhankaso weZimpendulo ze-GMO 'kungachaza kabusha okwenzekayo,' iqembu izimpendulo ezibhaliwe ngochwepheshe "ozimele" futhi wabalwa phakathi "kwabalingani bemboni" ku Uhlelo lukaMonsanto lwe-PR ukuvikela i-Roundup ekukhathazekeni komdlavuza. A Isigaba "sezinsizakusebenza" (ikhasi 4) sikhombe kwizixhumanisi zeGMO Answers kanye neMonsanto ezixhumana nomyalezo wenkampani othi "IGlyphosate akuyona i-carcinogenic." Ngo-2016, UDkt Fedoroff ukhulume ngesigungu esixhaswe ngabakwa-GMO Answers, Scientific American kanye ne ICornell Alliance yeSayensi mayelana nokusakazwa kwabezindaba kwesayensi equkethe izintatheli ezinobungani embonini UKeith Kloor futhi UTamar Haspel. Bona “IMedia Machine yeMonsanto Iza eWashington, ”NguPaul Thacker.

Uphenyo oluphikisayo lokuthola ubudlelwane bemboni nezifundo

Ku-2015, uDkt Fedoroff nabanye abaongameli ababili be-AAAS, uPeter Raven noPhillip Sharp, bathuthukisa izindima zabo zobuholi be-AAAS, kepha behlulekile ukudalula noma yikuphi ukubambisana kwabo embonini, ku-Guardian i-op-ed ophikisana nophenyo lwamarekhodi womphakathi obefuna ukuthola ubudlelwano obungadalulwanga nezinhlelo zezimali phakathi kwezinkampani zezolimo, amaqembu abo e-PR kanye noprofesa abaxhaswe umphakathi. I- uphenyo olwenziwe yi-US Right to Know wembule eminye yemibhalo esemqoka echazwe kuleli qiniso.

Yize uGuardian kamuva engeze i- ukudalulwa ukuthi uDkt Fedoroff usebenza enkampanini yokwamukela izivakashi i-OFW Law, akuzange kudalule lokho Iklayenti le-OFW Law ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiqembu lezokuhweba lezimboni zezolimo, izinkampani zalo ezingamalungu ezazigxile ekuphenyweni kwamarekhodi omphakathi. Omengameli bangaphambilini be-AAAS baphikisana nohlelo lwabo lokuthi uphenyo lokuthola ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo ezingadalulwanga embonini nezifundo "lwalukhipha ikhasi encwadini yokudlala yeClimategate" futhi luthinta "ukuphika isayensi," izimangalo ezifanayo enziwe yizimboni amaqembu e-PR achazwe kuleli qiniso.

Kusetshenziswa i-AAAS ukuqhubekisela phambili izinhloso zenqubomgomo yomkhakha wezolimo

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuba ngumongameli we-American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) kusuka ngo-2011-2012 nanjengoSihlalo weBhodi Yabaqondisi kusukela ngo-2012-2013, uDkt Fedoroff wasebenza nabalingani bemboni yezolimo ukuthuthukisa izinhloso zenqubomgomo ezisemqoka: ukugcina izakhi zofuzo ukudla okwenziwe ngobuchwepheshe kungabhalwanga futhi kwehliswa isiphakamiso se-US Environmental Protection Agency ebesizodinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngemithelela yezempilo nezemvelo yezitshalo ezakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo ezihlukaniswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-AAAS isize ukuncenga abavoti ukuthi baphikise ukufakwa ilebuli kwe-GMO

Ngo-2012, iBhodi Labaqondisi be-AAAS ngaphansi kukaSihlalo kaDkt Fedoroff yathatha isinyathelo esingajwayelekile sokuthatha uhlangothi odabeni lwezepolitiki olunombango kusasele amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba abavoti eCalifornia baye okhethweni lokuthatha isinqumo ngeProposition 37, okuyisinyathelo sokuvotela ama-GMO. Ukubuyekezwa kwezitatimende eziningi zezepolitiki ezenziwe yi-AAAS azitholanga ezinye izibonelo zenhlangano eyayizama ukuthonya abavoti ngaphambi kokhetho lombuso. (I-AAAS noDkt. Fedoroff abaziphendulanga izicelo zokubeka imibono. Futhi ukudalulwa: abaqondisi abasebenzisana ne-USRTK basebenze emkhankasweni wokufaka ilebula.)

Amabhodi we-AAAS isitatimende Ukuphikisa ilebula le-GMO kwakuyimpikiswano. It kuqukethe ukunganembi, ngokusho kwamalungu esikhathi eside e-AAAS, amaningi awo usilahlile isitatimende esiphikisana nokulebula njengokuhlasela “kobaba” kwamalungelo abathengi okudukise umphakathi ngokushiya umongo obalulekile wesayensi nokulawula. Okhulumela i-AAAS ngaleso sikhathi, uGinger Pinholster, wabiza ukugxekwa ngokuthi “akulungile futhi akunankinga.” Utshele intatheli ubesekamelweni ngesikhathi ibhodi lidlulisa isitatimende: “Asilona iqembu labameli. Izitatimende zethu sizenza ngokuya ngobufakazi besayensi, ”kusho uPinholster. "Ngingakutshela ukuthi isitatimende sethu asiwona umsebenzi noma asithonywanga yinhlangano engaphandle."

Abanye izingqapheli baqaphela ukufana kolimi olusetshenziswa yi-AAAS ne- umkhankaso oxhaswa ngezimboni ukwehlula isiphakamiso 37. "Ngabe iqembu elikhulu lesayensi liyayilahla iMonsanto?”Kubuza uMichele Simon ngoGrist. USimon uchaze isitatimende sebhodi "njengesingeyona isayensi kepha esifanele kakhulu ukucaphuna," futhi waphawula ukuthi ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kwe-AAAS ibiqukethe "amaphuzu okuxoxa" ahambisana no-No on 37 izincwadi zomkhankaso.

"Ukubonakala ungaphansi kokusobala kungumqondo omubi ngempela emphakathini wezesayensi"

Phakathi ku Incwadi ka-2013 eya kumagazini weSayensi, elinye iqembu lososayensi abali-11 lizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi isitatimende sebhodi le-AAAS ngokudla okuyi-GMO "singahle siqhume." Babhala bathi, “sikhathazekile ukuthi isikhundla se-AAA simele indlela engenalo ulwazi lokuxhumana nesayensi…  ukubonakala kungabonakali obala kuwumqondo omubi ngempela emphakathini wesayensi. ” 

UDkt. ososayensi abane abamele "umphakathi wesayensi nowezemfundo" ophikisana nokulebula kwe-GMO. Umkhankaso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wacela uDkt Fedoroff ukuthi asize ekufuneni izifundiswa ezengeziwe emgomweni wazo, lokho wakwenza ngokusho kuka Okthoba 1, 2012 imeyili kuMeghan Callahan we-BCF Wezindaba Zomphakathi, “Ngidlulisele [isicelo sakho sabaxhasi bezemfundo] eqenjini lamazwe omhlaba le-biotechnology elisekela izifundiswa. Ngiyasola ukuthi uzobe uzwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ”kubhala uDkt Fedoroff.

Kusize ukubulala izidingo zedatha yezitshalo ezikhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane

Ngo-2011 ngenkathi esebenza njengoMongameli we-AAAS, uDkt. Fedoroff wasebenza nabalingani bemboni yezolimo kanye nomuntu osebenzela izimboni ukumisa i-US Environmental Protection Agency ekudingeni izinkampani ukuthi zinikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe yezempilo nokuphepha yokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo okuhlukaniswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ngokusho kwama-imeyili kuchazwe ngezansi.

Isiphakamiso se-EPA sisuselwe engxoxweni yePhaneli Elulekayo Yezesayensi ye-EPA yango-2009 mayelana izindlela zokwenza ngcono ikhono le-ejensi lokwenza izinqumo ezilawulayo mayelana nezitshalo ezenzelwe izakhi zofuzo ukukhiqiza noma ukuqukatha izibulala-zinambuzane, i-EPA eyibiza ngokuthi "izivikeli ezifakwe ezitshalweni" (ama-PIP). Amalungu ePhaneli acelwe ukuthi ahlole izidingo zamanje neziphakanyiswayo zedatha ye-EPA yama-PIP kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: 

  • idatha yokuhlola ukufana okukhona phakathi kwama-PIP nama-allergen, ubuthi, ama-anti-nutrient namanye amaprotheni ayingozi; 
  • ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela ehambisanayo kwezempilo nakwizinto ezingezona ezihlosiwe, lapho izici ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-GMO zihlanganisiwe (istacked trait GMOs);
  • imithelela engahle ibe khona kubantu abancane bezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini; futhi 
  • idatha yokubhekana kangcono nemithelela yokugeleza kofuzo. 

Ngokuvumelana ne amanothi avela emhlanganweni we-EPA ka-Okthoba 2009, imithetho ehlongozwayo "izodidiyela kakhulu izidingo zedatha ezikhona ezisetshenziswa njengamanje," futhi izofaka imikhakha emihlanu yedatha nolwazi: ukwenziwa komkhiqizo, impilo yabantu, imiphumela engahlosiwe, ukuphela kwemvelo nokumelana ukuphathwa. EPA umemezele imithetho ehlongozwayo kwiRejista Yenhlangano ngo-Mashi 2011.

Ama-imeyili atholwe yi-US Right to Know ngezicelo zamarekhodi womphakathi akhombisa ukuthi izimbangi zomfelandawonye zahlangana kanjani ukunqoba lesi siphakamiso.

Ama-imeyili akhombisa izingxoxo phakathi kukaBruce Chassy, ​​uprofesa wase-University of Illinois ngaleso sikhathi, u-Eric Sachs waseMonsanto nabanye abasebenza embonini bexoxa ngemisebenzi nangemihlangano ebandakanya uDkt Fedoroff. UChassy uzichaze kuma-imeyili (ikhasi 66) njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemboni nezifundiswa emzameni wokuphikisana nezidingo zedatha ye-EPA. Okufakwe kuma-imeyili akhe kuSachs bekukhona imibuzo yokuthi ngabe uMonsanto uthumele isheke yini e-University of Illinois Foundation ukuxhasa umsebenzi kaChassy “wokufinyelela kwe-biotechnology kanye nemisebenzi yezemfundo.” (Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngezimali ezingadalulwanga uChassy azithola eMonsanto iminyaka njengoba ethuthukisa i-biotechnology, bheka kubika nguMonica Eng eWBEZ futhi ama-imeyili athunyelwe yiNew York Times.)

NgoJulayi 5, uDkt Chassy uthumele i-imeyili u-Eric Sachs waseMonsanto ukubika ukuthi uDkt Fedoroff uthumele i- incwadi eya ku-EPA ngaphezulu kwesiginesha yakhe esayinwe ngokubambisana ngamalungu angama-60 eNational Academy of Sciences. “UNina ulicoshe ibhola walisusa phansi enkundleni,” kubhala uChassy. Uchaze isiphakamiso se-EPA “njengokuphahlazeka kwesitimela.”

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi ngo-Agasti 19, abamele amaqembu ezokuhweba embonini babe umangele futhi wajabula (ikhasi 19) ukubona i-New York Times i-op-ed kusuka kuDkt. Fedoroff ephikisana nemithethonqubo yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo; “Ngubani owenze isikhundla sikaNina?” U-Adrienne Massey we-BIO ubuze uDkt Chassy nabanye ababambisene naye embonini, Henry Miller futhi I-Val Giddings. UChassy uphendule wathi: 

UMassey udlulisele uDkt Chassy incwadi i-BIO ayithumele ku-EPA “enethemba lokuthi uzokwakhela encwadini yezifundiswa futhi anqamule noma yikuphi ukuphendulwa kwe-EPA kuleyo ncwadi.” Imizamo yabo ayiphumelelanga njengoba bebethemba. Ngo-Agasti 24, UDkt Chassy ubhalele u-Eric Sachs (ikhasi 14) ukuthi uDkt. Fedoroff “uthole impendulo evela ku-EPA eyinhlamba.” Uchaze izinhlelo zokuqinisa ingcindezi.

 

NgoSepthemba, uChassy uhlele ucingo lwengqungquthela noFedoroff, u-Eric Sachs weMonsanto, u-Adrienne Massey we-BIO kanye no-lobbyist wabo uStanley Abramson, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokusho kukaChassy amanothi asocingweni, "Ukuthola indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiphakamiso se-EPA asikaze sibone ukukhanya kosuku kungaba umphumela omuhle kakhulu esingalindela wona. Okulandelayo okuhamba phambili kuzoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yi-DOA, kodwa uma kunesidingo kumele sizimisele ukuqhubeka nokulwa. ” 

Wabuye wabelana ngenkinga yokuthi, “I-EPA ayikholwa ukuthi umphakathi wezemfundo ungaphikisana ngokuqinile nomthetho wabo ohlongozwayo; bakholelwa ukuthi bambalwa kuphela abambalwa abalandela isicelo nokuthi iningi labasayinile abazinikele kulolu daba. ” Leli qembu linqume ukuthi lidinga “ukwakha umgogodla wososayensi abaholayo empeleni abazimisele ukukhuluma futhi banikele ngesikhathi kulolu daba.” 

Ngo-Okthoba, iqembu lalinethemba kakhulu. UChassy wathumela i-imeyili ngamaSachs ukubika ngomhlangano "okhiqizayo ngokumangazayo" yena noDkt. Fedoroff bahambela noSteve Bradbury we-EPA. Umhlangano wawusungulwe nguMassey kanye no-Abramson owamukela izivakashi. Isiphakamiso se-EPA sokudinga imininingwane yama-GMO PIPs asikaze sikubone ukukhanya kosuku, ngokusho kukaMichael Hansen, PhD, usosayensi omkhulu we-Consumers Union, owabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yomphakathi nale nhlangano.

Amaketanga e-imeyili aphelele, ngokusebenzisa Umtapo Wezincwadi Wezimboni we-UCSF: 

Ukubika okuhlobene  

"Ngavinjelwa engqungqutheleni yabezindaba yeNobel Laureate ngumxhumanisi we-PR noMonsanto Ties, ”NguTim Schwab, Food & Water Watch (2016) 

"AbaPuppetmasters base-Academia, ”NguJonathan Latham, PhD, Independent Science News (2015)

"Eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva: iqembu le-biotech limasha, ”I-Pesticide Action Network (2012) 

"Ukudla kwezobunjiniyela kukabani? ” ngu-Marcia Ishii-Eitemann, PhD, usosayensi omkhulu e-Pesticide Action Network North America (2011) 

"Uxolo, NY Times: Ama-GMO namanje ngeke asindise umhlaba, ”Ngu-Anna Lappe, Grist (2011) 

"Lapho ngiya khona uzwane nozakwabo wesayensi kaH. Clinton ngama-GMO, ”NguTom Philpott, Grist (2009) 

"I-Diplomat Eguqulwe Ngokofuzo: Inqubomgomo Yezangaphandle yase-US i-GMO Yonke Indlela, ”NguTom Philpott, Grist (2008)

UNina Fedoroff: Ukugqugquzela igunya lesayensi yaseMelika ukubuyisela iMonsanto

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
Posted on by UStacy Malkan
  • Njengomongameli nosihlalo webhodi le-AAAS kusuka ngo-2011-2013, uDkt Fedoroff uthuthukise izinhloso zenqubomgomo yomkhakha wezolimo. Manje usebenzela inkampani yezikhalazo.
  • Imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa ukuthi ubudlelwane bomphakathi kanye nemizamo yokunxenxa kuhlanganiswa kanjani ekusithekeni phakathi kwemboni yezolimo, amaqembu angaphambili kanye nezifundiswa ezibonakala zizimele.

UNina Fedoroff, i-PhD, ungomunye wososayensi abanethonya elikhulu abalwela ukwanda nokuncishiswa kokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Ungumongameli wangaphambilini we-American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011-2012) futhi owayengusihlalo we-AAAS Board of Directors (2012-2013). Ungu- umeluleki omkhulu wesayensi kusukela ngo-2015 e-OFW Law, inkampani yokubamba iqhaza lapho amaklayenti afakiwe Syngenta futhi Umkhandlu Wezokwaziswa Kwe-Biotechnology, iqembu lokuhweba elimele iBayer (engumnikazi weMonsanto), iBASF, iCorteva (isigaba seDowDuPont) neSyngenta.

Kusukela ngo-2007-2010, uDkt Fedoroff wasebenza njengomeluleki wesayensi nobuchwepheshe kuNobhala Wezwe kanye noMphathi we-USAID ngaphansi kokuphathwa kukaGeorge W. Bush kanye no-Obama. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wayengu- ilungu lebhodi we-Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, inkampani yamakhemikhali yamazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-biotech; kanye ne Ilungu lebhodi elelulekayo ye-Evogene, inkampani ye-biotechnology esebenzisana nayo DuPont, Syngenta, Bayer futhi Monsanto.

Umcimbi wango-2017 wokukhangisa uMkhandlu WaseMelika Wezesayensi Nempilo Incwadi ethi “junk science” kufakwe uDkt Fedoroff futhi ososayensi ababili abahambisana namaqembu aphika isayensi yezulu.

NjengoNobhala Wezwe uHillary “Umbusi wesayensi kaClinton, "UDkt Fedoroff wasebenza njengonozakuzaku we"GMO yonke indlela”Ngenqubomgomo yaseMelika yezangaphandle, uTom Philpott wabika eGrist ngo-2008 nango-2009. I-Pesticide Action Network yaseNyakatho Melika ichaze uDkt. Fedoroff ngokuthi“inxusa laseMelika ngokoqobo ”lobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ngokusho kukaGreenpeace, uDkt. Fedoroff ube “a ummeli oshisekayo wokwanda komhlaba jikelele kweGM ukudla (okushintshwe izakhi zofuzo) kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. ”

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuba ngumongameli nosihlalo we-AAAS, i ngobukhulu emhlabeni umphakathi wesayensi eyahlukahlukene, uDkt Fedoroff waqokomisa lezo zindima ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezepolitiki embonini yezolimo: isibonelo, i-AAAS Board of Directors ngaphansi kukasihlalo wayo yakhipha isitatimende esasibekelwe isikhathi sezepolitiki sokuphikisana nokufakwa kophawu lweGMO ngonyaka ka-2012. Ngenkathi engumongameli wenhlangano yesayensi ngo-2011. , UDkt Fedoroff usize ukwehlula isiphakamiso se-EPA sase-US ebesizodinga imininingwane eyengeziwe yezempilo nokuphepha yezitshalo ze-GMO, ngokusho kwama-imeyili achazwe ngezansi. Bheka, UNina Fedoroff, i-AAAS kanye nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bezolimo. UDkt Fedoroff ne-AAAS abaphendulanga ezicelweni zempendulo.

Ukuhlangana namaqembu aphambili embonini ekhohlisayo nemizamo ye-PR

UDkt Fedoroff ukhuthaze futhi wasiza ukwenza ngokusemthethweni amaqembu athi angamazwi azimele esayensi kepha asebenza ngasese nemboni yezolimo ngezindlela ezidukisa umphakathi - kufaka phakathi amaqembu amabili asiza iMonsanto zama ukwehlisa isithunzi ososayensi abasebenza ophikweni lochwepheshe beWorld Health Organisation's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) oluchaza i-glyphosate njenge kungenzeka i-carcinogen yomuntu e 2015.

Umkhandlu WaseMelika Wezesayensi Nempilo (ACSH) uxhaswa ngu izinkampani zamakhemikhali, ezithaka imithi kanye nogwayi, ngokuvumelana ne kudalulwe imibhalo yangaphakathi lowo mbhalo wokuthi iqembu lizifaka kanjani izinsizakalo zalo ezinkampanini ngemikhankaso yokuvikela umkhiqizo. Ama-imeyili akhishwe ngezinqubo zenkantolo akhombisa ukuthi iMonsanto bavuma ukuxhasa i-ACSH ku-2015, futhi ucele iqembu ukuthi libhale ngalo umbiko womdlavuza we-IARC nge-glyphosate; I-ACSH ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathi umbiko womdlavuza wawungowokukhwabanisa okungokwesayensi.     

UDkt Fedoroff usize ukukhuthaza leli qembu njengomthombo osemthethweni wesayensi ku-2017 Umcimbi weNational Press Club ukwethula i-ACSH's “Little Black Book of Junk Science” Ababebonakala eceleni kukaDkt Fedoroff emcimbini wabezindaba bekungososayensi ababili abaxhumene namaqembu athi ukuphika isayensi yezulu futhi ukunxenxa imikhiqizo kagwayi:

Iphrojekthi Yezofuzo: UDkt Fedoroff ubaliwe njengelungu lebhodi kuwebhusayithi ye-Genetic Literacy Project, iqembu elithi lizimele kodwa abalingani neMonsanto kumaphrojekthi we-PR kanye nokunxenxa, ngokwemibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know. Imibhalo ekhishwe ekufayweni kwenkantolo ibonisa ukuthi iMonsanto ibhale leli qembu phakathi kwe- "Abalingani bemboni" behlela ukuzibandakanya nesu lokuhlela "ukukhala" ngokuhlolwa kwe-IARC kwe-glyphosate ukuze "kuvikelwe isithunzi ne-FTO ye-Roundup." IGenetic Literacy Project selokhu yathumela okungaphezulu kwe- Izihloko ze-200 egxeka i-ejensi yocwaningo lomdlavuza, kufaka phakathi ukuhlaselwa komuntu siqu kososayensi ababandakanyeka embikweni we-glyphosate, ebasola uzungu, ukukhwabanisa, elele, inkohlakalo, imfihlo, nokukhuthazwa “inzuzo nokuyize. ”??

Ku-an uchungechunge lokuwina imiklomelo eLe Monde mayelana "nemizamo kaMonsanto yokucekela phansi i-UN ejensi yomdlavuza nganoma iyiphi indlela," izintatheli uStéphane Foucart noStéphane Horel bachaze iGenetic Literacy Project ne-ACSH "njengamawebhusayithi aziwa kakhulu enkulumo-ze" futhi bathi i-GLP "idliswa ngabantu be-PR abaxhumene izimboni zezibulala-zinambuzane ne-biotechnology. ” I-GLP yethulwe ngo-2011 nguJon Entine, onenkampani yezobudlelwano nomphakathi eyayineMonsanto njengekhasimende ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukuhlaselwa kwabaphenyi bomdlavuza kuwebhusayithi ye-Genetic Literacy Project ebala uDkt Fedoroff "njengelungu lebhodi":

Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa: UDkt Fedoroff ukhuthaze ukubuyekeza kwe-Academics njengomthombo wesayensi onokwethenjelwa esihlokweni sango-2012 ku Amathrendi ku-Genetics kanye nengxoxo ye-2016 ne-Washington Examiner mayelana ubuntatheli besayensi obumpofu. Imibhalo etholwe yi-US Right to Know ikhombisa ukuthi ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo kwakungu usethe njengeqembu langaphambili ngosizo lweMonsanto ukudicilela phansi abagxeki bobunjiniyela kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane, ngenkathi ukugcina izigxivizo zeminwe zenkampani zifihliwe. Iqembu, okuyi bathi ukuzimela kodwa kwaba uxhaswe yizinkampani zezolimo, ahlasele imboni yezimboni “njengomkhonyovu wokumaketha.”

Ikamu leBiotech Literacy Boot Camp: UDkt Fedoroff wabalwa ohlwini lwe- ilungu lobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo we-Biotech Literacy Project “camp boot” owawubanjelwe e-UC Davis ngo-2015. Lo mcimbi wawuhlelwe ngamaqembu amabili e-PR, Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project futhi Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, futhi uxhaswe ngasese yizinkampani zezolimo ukuze “aqeqeshe ososayensi nezintatheli ukuhlela impikiswano ngama-GMO nobuthi be-glyphosate,” kubika uPaul Thacker ku-Okuqhubekayo. Izipikha zifake uhlu olujwayelekile lwabalingani bemboni ye-PR kubandakanya UJay Byrne, UJon Entine, UBruce Chassy, ​​uDavid Tribe, UHank Campbell we-ACSH futhi I-keynote by “iSci Babe.”

I-AgBioWorld: Ku-2012 Trends and Genetics wakhe esihlokweni, UDkt. Fedoroff wakhuthaza iwebhusayithi i-AgBioWorld ngokuthi “enye insiza eyigugu” yokufunda ngesayensi. Ngo-2002 ku-Guardian, UGeorge Monbiot uchaze ukuthi ithimba le-PR leMonsanto lisebenzise kanjani iwebhusayithi ye-AgBioWorld nama-akhawunti enkohliso ezokuxhumana nabantu ukuhlambalaza ososayensi nabezemvelo abaphakamise ukukhathazeka ngezitshalo zeGM. UMonbiot ubike: 

“Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, uJay Byrne, owayengumphathi [weMonsanto] wezokuxhumana nge-internet, wachazela amanye amafemu amaqhinga ayewasebenzisile eMonsanto. Ukhombise ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuthi aqale ukusebenza, izingosi eziphezulu ze-GM ezibalwe yinjini yokusesha kwi-inthanethi zonke zazigxeka ubuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kokungenelela kwakhe, izingosi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zonke bezingabasekeli (ezine zazo ezisungulwe yinkampani yakwaMonsanto's PR Bivings). Ubatshele ukuthi 'bacabange nge-intanethi njengesikhali esisetafuleni. Kuphakathi kokuthi uyayicosha noma umuntu oyincintisana naye uyayithatha, kodwa kukhona umuntu ozobulawa. '

Ngenkathi esebenzela iMonsanto, uByrne utshele iphephandaba le-inthanethi ukuthi Wow ukuthi 'usebenzisa isikhathi sakhe nomzamo wakhe ukubamba iqhaza' ezingxoxweni zewebhu mayelana ne-biotech. Ukhombe indawo i-AgBioWorld, lapho 'eqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani yakhe idlala khona kahle.' I-AgBioWorld yisiza lapho [umlingisi mbumbulu online uMary] Smetacek aqala khona umkhankaso wakhe. ”

Ukuhlaselwa ku-Greenpeace: UDkt Fedoroff wakhuluma ku umcimbi wokucindezela we-2016 weqembu elizibiza “Sekela i-Precision Agriculture, ”Ebethula incwadi esayinwe ngabaklonyelizi bezindondo abangaphezu kwekhulu beNobel begxeka iGreenpeace ngokungahambisani kwabo namaGMO. Ababambisene nomkhakha wezolimo usizile ngomkhankaso, kufaka phakathi owayenguMqondisi Wezokuxhumana kaMonsanto UJay Byrne; iqembu langaphambili lokuhweba nge-biotech VP I-Val Giddings; noMat Winkler, oxhasa imali nge- Iphrojekthi ye-PR ye-Genetic Literacy Project futhi ibhalwe njenge- ilungu lebhodi kanye noDkt Fedoroff kuwebhusayithi yeqembu. Uhlobo lwe- .com lwewebhusayithi okuthiwa izimele ye- “Support Precision Agriculture” iqondiswe kabusha kwi-Genetic Literacy Project iminyaka (yahlukaniswa ngemuva kokuthi siyinake ku-2019). Ku- ama-imeyili avela ku-2011, U-Byrne wakhomba i-Greenpeace ohlwini lwama "target" ayelwenzela iMonsanto enamagama abagxeki bezimboni ababengabhekana nabo ngemuva kwekhava iqembu lezemfundo elixhaswe ngezimboni lokho kwavela ngokuzimela.

Umngani we GMO Izimpendulo: UDkt Fedoroff uyi isazi esizimele Izimpendulo ze-GMO, a Umkhankaso we-PR owenziwe ubudlelwano bomphakathi kaKetchum, ene-a umlando wokusebenzisa amaqhinga akhohlisayo ukuthonya umphakathi. Yize uKetchum ebanga umkhankaso weZimpendulo ze-GMO 'kungachaza kabusha okwenzekayo,' iqembu izimpendulo ezibhaliwe ngochwepheshe "ozimele" futhi wabalwa phakathi "kwabalingani bemboni" ku Uhlelo lukaMonsanto lwe-PR ukuvikela i-Roundup ekukhathazekeni komdlavuza. A Isigaba "sezinsizakusebenza" (ikhasi 4) sikhombe kwizixhumanisi zeGMO Answers kanye neMonsanto ezixhumana nomyalezo wenkampani othi "IGlyphosate akuyona i-carcinogenic." Ngo-2016, UDkt Fedoroff ukhulume ngesigungu esixhaswe ngabakwa-GMO Answers, Scientific American kanye ne ICornell Alliance yeSayensi mayelana nokusakazwa kwabezindaba kwesayensi equkethe izintatheli ezinobungani embonini UKeith Kloor futhi UTamar Haspel. Bona “IMedia Machine yeMonsanto Iza eWashington, ”NguPaul Thacker.

Uphenyo oluphikisayo lokuthola ubudlelwane bemboni nezifundo

Ku-2015, uDkt Fedoroff nabanye abaongameli ababili be-AAAS, uPeter Raven noPhillip Sharp, bathuthukisa izindima zabo zobuholi be-AAAS, kepha behlulekile ukudalula noma yikuphi ukubambisana kwabo embonini, ku-Guardian i-op-ed ophikisana nophenyo lwamarekhodi womphakathi obefuna ukuthola ubudlelwano obungadalulwanga nezinhlelo zezimali phakathi kwezinkampani zezolimo, amaqembu abo e-PR kanye noprofesa abaxhaswe umphakathi. I- uphenyo olwenziwe yi-US Right to Know wembule eminye yemibhalo esemqoka echazwe kuleli qiniso.

Yize uGuardian kamuva engeze i- ukudalulwa ukuthi uDkt Fedoroff usebenza enkampanini yokwamukela izivakashi i-OFW Law, akuzange kudalule lokho Iklayenti le-OFW Law ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiqembu lezokuhweba lezimboni zezolimo, izinkampani zalo ezingamalungu ezazigxile ekuphenyweni kwamarekhodi omphakathi. Omengameli bangaphambilini be-AAAS baphikisana nohlelo lwabo lokuthi uphenyo lokuthola ukungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo ezingadalulwanga embonini nezifundo "lwalukhipha ikhasi encwadini yokudlala yeClimategate" futhi luthinta "ukuphika isayensi," izimangalo ezifanayo enziwe yizimboni amaqembu e-PR achazwe kuleli qiniso.

Kusetshenziswa i-AAAS ukuqhubekisela phambili izinhloso zenqubomgomo yomkhakha wezolimo

Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuba ngumongameli we-American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) kusuka ngo-2011-2012 nanjengoSihlalo weBhodi Yabaqondisi kusukela ngo-2012-2013, uDkt Fedoroff wasebenza nabalingani bemboni yezolimo ukuthuthukisa izinhloso zenqubomgomo ezisemqoka: ukugcina izakhi zofuzo ukudla okwenziwe ngobuchwepheshe kungabhalwanga futhi kwehliswa isiphakamiso se-US Environmental Protection Agency ebesizodinga imininingwane eyengeziwe ngemithelela yezempilo nezemvelo yezitshalo ezakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo ezihlukaniswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane.

I-AAAS isize ukuncenga abavoti ukuthi baphikise ukufakwa ilebuli kwe-GMO

Ngo-2012, iBhodi Labaqondisi be-AAAS ngaphansi kukaSihlalo kaDkt Fedoroff yathatha isinyathelo esingajwayelekile sokuthatha uhlangothi odabeni lwezepolitiki olunombango kusasele amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba abavoti eCalifornia baye okhethweni lokuthatha isinqumo ngeProposition 37, okuyisinyathelo sokuvotela ama-GMO. Ukubuyekezwa kwezitatimende eziningi zezepolitiki ezenziwe yi-AAAS azitholanga ezinye izibonelo zenhlangano eyayizama ukuthonya abavoti ngaphambi kokhetho lombuso. (I-AAAS noDkt. Fedoroff abaziphendulanga izicelo zokubeka imibono. Futhi ukudalulwa: abaqondisi abasebenzisana ne-USRTK basebenze emkhankasweni wokufaka ilebula.)

Amabhodi we-AAAS isitatimende Ukuphikisa ilebula le-GMO kwakuyimpikiswano. It kuqukethe ukunganembi, ngokusho kwamalungu esikhathi eside e-AAAS, amaningi awo usilahlile isitatimende esiphikisana nokulebula njengokuhlasela “kobaba” kwamalungelo abathengi okudukise umphakathi ngokushiya umongo obalulekile wesayensi nokulawula. Okhulumela i-AAAS ngaleso sikhathi, uGinger Pinholster, wabiza ukugxekwa ngokuthi “akulungile futhi akunankinga.” Utshele intatheli ubesekamelweni ngesikhathi ibhodi lidlulisa isitatimende: “Asilona iqembu labameli. Izitatimende zethu sizenza ngokuya ngobufakazi besayensi, ”kusho uPinholster. "Ngingakutshela ukuthi isitatimende sethu asiwona umsebenzi noma asithonywanga yinhlangano engaphandle."

Abanye izingqapheli baqaphela ukufana kolimi olusetshenziswa yi-AAAS ne- umkhankaso oxhaswa ngezimboni ukwehlula isiphakamiso 37. "Ngabe iqembu elikhulu lesayensi liyayilahla iMonsanto?”Kubuza uMichele Simon ngoGrist. USimon uchaze isitatimende sebhodi "njengesingeyona isayensi kepha esifanele kakhulu ukucaphuna," futhi waphawula ukuthi ukukhishwa kwabezindaba kwe-AAAS ibiqukethe "amaphuzu okuxoxa" ahambisana no-No on 37 izincwadi zomkhankaso.

"Ukubonakala ungaphansi kokusobala kungumqondo omubi ngempela emphakathini wezesayensi"

Phakathi ku Incwadi ka-2013 eya kumagazini weSayensi, elinye iqembu lososayensi abali-11 lizwakalise ukukhathazeka ngokuthi isitatimende sebhodi le-AAAS ngokudla okuyi-GMO "singahle siqhume." Babhala bathi, “sikhathazekile ukuthi isikhundla se-AAA simele indlela engenalo ulwazi lokuxhumana nesayensi…  ukubonakala kungabonakali obala kuwumqondo omubi ngempela emphakathini wesayensi. ”

UDkt. ososayensi abane abamele "umphakathi wesayensi nowezemfundo" ophikisana nokulebula kwe-GMO. Umkhankaso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wacela uDkt Fedoroff ukuthi asize ekufuneni izifundiswa ezengeziwe emgomweni wazo, lokho wakwenza ngokusho kuka Okthoba 1, 2012 imeyili kuMeghan Callahan we-BCF Wezindaba Zomphakathi, “Ngidlulisele [isicelo sakho sabaxhasi bezemfundo] eqenjini lamazwe omhlaba le-biotechnology elisekela izifundiswa. Ngiyasola ukuthi uzobe uzwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ”kubhala uDkt Fedoroff.

Kusize ukubulala izidingo zedatha yezitshalo ezikhiqiza izibulala-zinambuzane

Ngo-2011 ngenkathi esebenza njengoMongameli we-AAAS, uDkt. Fedoroff wasebenza nabalingani bemboni yezolimo kanye nomuntu osebenzela izimboni ukumisa i-US Environmental Protection Agency ekudingeni izinkampani ukuthi zinikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe yezempilo nokuphepha yokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo okuhlukaniswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane, ngokusho kwama-imeyili kuchazwe ngezansi.

Isiphakamiso se-EPA sisuselwe engxoxweni yePhaneli Elulekayo Yezesayensi ye-EPA yango-2009 mayelana izindlela zokwenza ngcono ikhono le-ejensi lokwenza izinqumo ezilawulayo mayelana nezitshalo ezenzelwe izakhi zofuzo ukukhiqiza noma ukuqukatha izibulala-zinambuzane, i-EPA eyibiza ngokuthi "izivikeli ezifakwe ezitshalweni" (ama-PIP). Amalungu ePhaneli acelwe ukuthi ahlole izidingo zamanje neziphakanyiswayo zedatha ye-EPA yama-PIP kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

  • idatha yokuhlola ukufana okukhona phakathi kwama-PIP nama-allergen, ubuthi, ama-anti-nutrient namanye amaprotheni ayingozi;
  • ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela ehambisanayo kwezempilo nakwizinto ezingezona ezihlosiwe, lapho izici ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-GMO zihlanganisiwe (istacked trait GMOs);
  • imithelela engahle ibe khona kubantu abancane bezinto eziphilayo emhlabathini; futhi
  • idatha yokubhekana kangcono nemithelela yokugeleza kofuzo.

Ngokuvumelana ne amanothi avela emhlanganweni we-EPA ka-Okthoba 2009, imithetho ehlongozwayo "izodidiyela kakhulu izidingo zedatha ezikhona ezisetshenziswa njengamanje," futhi izofaka imikhakha emihlanu yedatha nolwazi: ukwenziwa komkhiqizo, impilo yabantu, imiphumela engahlosiwe, ukuphela kwemvelo nokumelana ukuphathwa. I-EPA umemezele imithetho ehlongozwayo kwiRejista Yenhlangano ngo-Mashi 2011.

Ama-imeyili atholwe yi-US Right to Know ngezicelo zamarekhodi womphakathi akhombisa ukuthi izimbangi zomfelandawonye zahlangana kanjani ukunqoba lesi siphakamiso.

Ama-imeyili akhombisa izingxoxo phakathi kukaBruce Chassy, ​​uprofesa wase-University of Illinois ngaleso sikhathi, u-Eric Sachs waseMonsanto nabanye abasebenza embonini bexoxa ngemisebenzi nangemihlangano ebandakanya uDkt Fedoroff. UChassy uzichaze kuma-imeyili (ikhasi 66) njengokuxhumana phakathi kwemboni nezifundiswa emzameni wokuphikisana nezidingo zedatha ye-EPA. Okufakwe kuma-imeyili akhe kuSachs bekukhona imibuzo yokuthi ngabe uMonsanto uthumele isheke yini e-University of Illinois Foundation ukuxhasa umsebenzi kaChassy “wokufinyelela kwe-biotechnology kanye nemisebenzi yezemfundo.” (Ngemininingwane engaphezulu ngezimali ezingadalulwanga uChassy azithola eMonsanto iminyaka njengoba ethuthukisa i-biotechnology, bheka kubika nguMonica Eng eWBEZ futhi ama-imeyili athunyelwe yiNew York Times.)

NgoJulayi 5, uDkt Chassy uthumele i-imeyili u-Eric Sachs waseMonsanto ukubika ukuthi uDkt Fedoroff uthumele i- incwadi eya ku-EPA ngaphezulu kwesiginesha yakhe esayinwe ngokubambisana ngamalungu angama-60 eNational Academy of Sciences. “UNina ulicoshe ibhola walisusa phansi enkundleni,” kubhala uChassy. Uchaze isiphakamiso se-EPA “njengokuphahlazeka kwesitimela.”

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi ngo-Agasti 19, abamele amaqembu ezokuhweba embonini babe umangele futhi wajabula (ikhasi 19) ukubona i-New York Times i-op-ed kusuka kuDkt. Fedoroff ephikisana nemithethonqubo yobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo; “Ngubani owenze isikhundla sikaNina?” U-Adrienne Massey we-BIO ubuze uDkt Chassy nabanye ababambisene naye embonini, Henry Miller futhi I-Val Giddings. UChassy uphendule wathi:

UMassey udlulisele uDkt Chassy incwadi i-BIO ayithumele ku-EPA “enethemba lokuthi uzokwakhela encwadini yezifundiswa futhi anqamule noma yikuphi ukuphendulwa kwe-EPA kuleyo ncwadi.” Imizamo yabo ayiphumelelanga njengoba bebethemba. Ngo-Agasti 24, UDkt Chassy ubhalele u-Eric Sachs (ikhasi 14) ukuthi uDkt. Fedoroff “uthole impendulo evela ku-EPA eyinhlamba.” Uchaze izinhlelo zokuqinisa ingcindezi.

 

NgoSepthemba, uChassy uhlele ucingo lwengqungquthela noFedoroff, u-Eric Sachs weMonsanto, u-Adrienne Massey we-BIO kanye no-lobbyist wabo uStanley Abramson, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokusho kukaChassy amanothi asocingweni, "Ukuthola indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi isiphakamiso se-EPA asikaze sibone ukukhanya kosuku kungaba umphumela omuhle kakhulu esingalindela wona. Okulandelayo okuhamba phambili kuzoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yi-DOA, kodwa uma kunesidingo kumele sizimisele ukuqhubeka nokulwa. ”

Wabuye wabelana ngenkinga yokuthi, “I-EPA ayikholwa ukuthi umphakathi wezemfundo ungaphikisana ngokuqinile nomthetho wabo ohlongozwayo; bakholelwa ukuthi bambalwa kuphela abambalwa abalandela isicelo nokuthi iningi labasayinile abazinikele kulolu daba. ” Leli qembu linqume ukuthi lidinga “ukwakha umgogodla wososayensi abaholayo empeleni abazimisele ukukhuluma futhi banikele ngesikhathi kulolu daba.”

Ngo-Okthoba, iqembu lalinethemba kakhulu. UChassy wathumela i-imeyili ngamaSachs ukubika ngomhlangano "okhiqizayo ngokumangazayo" yena noDkt. Fedoroff bahambela noSteve Bradbury we-EPA. Umhlangano wawusungulwe nguMassey kanye no-Abramson owamukela izivakashi. Isiphakamiso se-EPA sokudinga imininingwane yama-GMO PIPs asikaze sikubone ukukhanya kosuku, ngokusho kukaMichael Hansen, PhD, usosayensi omkhulu we-Consumers Union, owabamba iqhaza emihlanganweni yomphakathi nale nhlangano.

Amaketanga e-imeyili aphelele, ngokusebenzisa Umtapo Wezincwadi Wezimboni we-UCSF:

Ukubika okuhlobene 

"Ngavinjelwa engqungqutheleni yabezindaba yeNobel Laureate ngumxhumanisi we-PR noMonsanto Ties, ”NguTim Schwab, Food & Water Watch (2016)

"AbaPuppetmasters base-Academia, ”NguJonathan Latham, PhD, Independent Science News (2015)

"Eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva: iqembu le-biotech limasha, ”I-Pesticide Action Network (2012)

"Ukudla kwezobunjiniyela kukabani? ” ngu-Marcia Ishii-Eitemann, PhD, usosayensi omkhulu e-Pesticide Action Network North America (2011)

"Uxolo, NY Times: Ama-GMO namanje ngeke asindise umhlaba, ”Ngu-Anna Lappe, Grist (2011)

"Lapho ngiya khona uzwane nozakwabo wesayensi kaH. Clinton ngama-GMO, ”NguTom Philpott, Grist (2009)

"I-Diplomat Eguqulwe Ngokofuzo: Inqubomgomo Yezangaphandle yase-US i-GMO Yonke Indlela, ”NguTom Philpott, Grist (2008)

UKeith Kloor: Indlela intatheli yesayensi esebenza ngayo ekusithekeni nabalingani bemboni

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
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UKeith Kloor uyintatheli ezisebenza ngokuzimela futhi uyilungu le-adjunct journalism faculty e University of New York obhalele i- Imvelo, Isayensi Ngaphakathi, Isilayidi kanye nezindatshana eziningi ze- Thola Umagazini ukugqugquzela ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo nokuhlasela abagxeki bemboni yezolimo, kuyilapho kusizwa nabalingani bemboni ekusithekeni.

Ama-imeyili atholwe yi-US Right to Know, athunyelwe ku- Umtapo Wezincwadi Wemibhalo Yezimboni ze-UCSF, iveze izimo lapho uKloor aqeqesha futhi ahlela khona imithombo yakhe, afihla izimboni zomthombo womthombo, futhi abike ngokukhethekile ngolwazi ngezindlela eziqinisa ukulandisa kwemboni. UKloor unqabile ukuphendula imibuzo yalesi sihloko.

Ukukhululwa kokukhetha, okukhethiwe kwama-imeyili we-FOIA

Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2017, iKloor ibike ukuthi Nature, Isayensi Insider, Discover, Izinkinga Kwezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, Futhi Slate on a uphenyo lwamarekhodi womphakathi yi-US Right to Know eveze ubudlelwano obungadalulwanga phakathi kwemboni yezolimo kanye nezifundiswa ezixhaswe esidlangalaleni ezithuthukisa imikhiqizo yezolimo, kufaka phakathi USolwazi Kevin Folta wase-University of Florida. Kuzozonke izingcezu ezishicilelwe, uKloor wafaka izicelo zamarekhodi omphakathi njengomthwalo ongadingekile kwizifundiswa.

Ama-imeyili atholakele ngezicelo zamarekhodi wombuso aveza ukuthi uKloor uqobo wayeyingxenye yendaba ayebika ngayo; ubekade ehambele izingqungquthela zokuqeqesha imiyalezo ezixhaswe umkhakha wezolimo noDkt. Folta futhi wasiza uDkt Folta ngokuthumela imiyalezo. Ukuxhumana kukhombisa ukuthi uDkt Folta welule isandla kuKloor ukuze asikisele ukuthi akhululwe ama-imeyili akhe “ngaphambi kokulungiselela” ukusiza ukunciphisa umonakalo wamadokhumende - uKloor akwenzayo, kumagazini Nature. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho uKloor ebekhuluma ngendaba yezincwadi eziphambili zesayensi, amadokhumende akhombisa ukuthi wabamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni nabangaphakathi embonini mayelana nezinselelo ezibangelwa izicelo zamarekhodi omphakathi.

Umugqa wesikhathi wokubika nokusebenzisana:

Ukuqeqesha, ukuhlela imithombo; kufihla ubuhlobo bemboni

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi uKloor usebenze nemithombo yakhe ekusithekeni ukucija imiyalezo yabo ukusekela imbangela yezimboni yezolimo: ukukholisa abathengi abaqaphile ukwamukela ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo. Enye yale mithombo kwakungu UDkt Kevin Folta, iNyuvesi yaseFlorida uprofesa owayengumuntu osemqoka uKloor evezwe ezindabeni azibhalela ezincwadini zesayensi ngokusebenza obala kwezemfundo.

Umkhankaso wokuguqula uBill Nye

NgoNovemba 2014, uKloor wasebenzisa eyakhe Discover blog ukufaka inselelo Ukugxeka kukaBill Nye mayelana nama-GMO nge "Incwadi evulekile eya kuBill Nye evela kuSosayensi Wezitshalo" esayinwe nguDkt. Folta. Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi uKloor ubuzile UDkt Folta ukuphonsela inselelo uNye, weza nomqondo wencwadi evulekile futhi uqeqeshe uDkt Folta ukuthi abhalwa kanjani. Wabe-ke kuhlelwe i-biography kaDkt Folta ukugwema ukubalula imali yezimboni, ngokusho kwama-imeyili.

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi uKloor wabhalela uDkt. Folta uhlu lwezinto eziphilayo olufaka phakathi umugqa othi, “Alukho ucwaningo oluxhaswe yiMonsanto.” UDkt. Folta umcele ukuthi alungise leso sigwebo, ebona ukuthi iMonsanto ngokungaqondile ixhase eminye yemizamo yakhe yokufinyelela kubantu nge-biotech nokuthi uthole imali yocwaningo enkampanini encane ye-biotech. UKloor uthathe isinqumo ngomlando ongagwegwesi ukubalula ngezimali zemboni kaDkt Folta ngokuphelele: “Ucwaningo lwakhe luxhaswe yizinhlangano zombuso nezikahulumeni.”

Ku-imeyili engezansi, uKloor unikeze uDkt Folta umhlahlandlela wokuthi uyibhalela kanjani uNye incwadi:

Cishe ngaleso sikhathi, iMonsanto nayo yayinxenxa uNye ukuthi ashintshe isikhundla sakhe kuma-GMO, ekugcineni waphumelela ukwenza. Mashi 2015 Washington Post indaba mayelana nokuguquka kukaNye kwasho ukuthi ukugxeka kukaNye amaGMO “kwacasula ososayensi abaningi,” kodwa kwaxhunyaniswa kuphela nencwadi kaDkt Folta kubhulogi likaKloor.

Thola: "Akuyona inqubomgomo yethu yokwazisa imithombo"

Ama-imeyili avela ngo-Agasti 2014 akhombisa uKloor enikeza iseluleko semiyalezo kuDkt Folta kanye nomunye umthombo, uDkt Karl Haro von Mogel, umqondisi wezindaba Iqembu lephromoshini le-GMO iBiofortified. UKloor ubacele ukuba bahlaziye udaba lukaCarole Bartolotto, udokotela wezokudla obebhale ngokugxeka ngama-GMO. Ama-imeyili akhombisa lokho UKloor ukuhlelile ukuphawula nezindlela eziphakanyisiwe zokuqinisa imiyalezo: “Iseluleko sami: gcina ulimi lungathathi hlangothi futhi lungahluleli ngangokunokwenzeka. Ubheke abantu abahlala kocingo, abangahle bavinjwe ulimi olukhulunywa kabi. ”

UKloor uthumele ukugxekwa kweBartolotto kweyakhe Discover blog futhi wachaza uDkt. Folta no-von Mogel "njengososayensi ababili abangalutholi uxhaso embonini ye-biotech." Ama-imeyili kamuva aveze ukuthi, emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili, iMonsanto yayinayo uvumile ukuxhasa ezikaDkt. Folta imizamo yokukhangisa yama-GMO; futhi, ehlobo eledlule, uDkt Folta wahlela ukuvakashela eHawaii eyonxenxa imingcele yokubulala izibulala-zinambuzane ohambweni ihlelwe futhi ikhokhelwa yiqembu lokuhweba lomkhakha wezibulala-zinambuzane (UDkt von Mogel naye wayefakiwe kulawo ma-imeyili). I-athikili kaKloor isavela ku- Discover iwebhusayithi ngaphandle kokuvuselelwa noma ukulungiswa.

Okwe-2017 Isihloko sokubhalwa kukaHuffington, kubuza intatheli uPaul Thacker Discover umhleli wephephabhuku u-Becky Lang ukuze aphawule ngama-imeyili eBartolotto. ULang unqabile ukuphawula ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa wathi: “Impela, akusiyo inqubomgomo yethu manje, futhi akukaze kube njalo, ukugqugquzela imithombo ukuthi ibhale ukugxeka, ukuhlela ukugxeka, bese ikwenza njengokuzimela. Futhi akuyona inqubomgomo yethu ukuthi imithombo yosizo izame ukufihla ubudlelwane bayo bemboni. ” (EzikaKloor Discover I-blog yaphela ngo- yaphela ngo-Ephreli 2015.)

UJon Entine, uxhumano lweProjekthi ye-Genetic Literacy Project  

Imibhalo emikhulu kaKloor evikela imboni yezolimo ingabukwa kuwebhusayithi ye I-Genetic Literacy Project, iwebhusayithi yokwazisa yomkhakha wezolimo lokho izindatshana eziningi ebhalwe nguKloor noma ecaphuna umsebenzi wakhe. IGenetic Literacy Project ilawulwa nguJon Entine, osebenza isikhathi eside PR okhuthaza futhi avikele izintshisekelo zemboni yamakhemikhali. U-Entine unguthishanhloko we-PR firm ESG MediaMetrics, amaklayenti akhe afaka iMonsanto. AbakwaKloor no-Entine basebenzisa imiyalezo efanayo futhi babeke izingqinamba ngezindlela ezifanayo, futhi babonakala benobudlelwano obusondelene, ngokusho kwama-imeyili.

Nge-imeyili kaJulayi 2013 eya eqenjini lokwamukela izimboni zezibulala-zinambuzane, u-Entine uchaze uKloor njenge “umngani wami omuhle kakhulu”Ngubani ongasiza ekuthengiseni umhlangano nomunye Discover blogger ukubhala ngemisebenzi yezimboni yezolimo eHawaii. Enye i-imeyili ikhombisa i-Entine exhuma iKloor noRebecca Goldin eGeorge Mason University ukuxoxa "ngokuhlukunyezwa kwe-FOIA." UGoldin usebenza nowayengumqashi we-Entine i-STATS, iqembu lezintatheli elizichaze njengeumkhankaso we-disinformation”Lokho isebenzisa amaqhinga kagwayi kuya kwakha ukungabaza ngengozi yamakhemikhali.

Kwenye i-imeyili evela ngo-Okthoba 2014, uKloor wayeyintatheli kuphela owayefakwe kwi-imeyili exwayisa inkampani yakwaKetchum yezobudlelwano bomphakathi mayelana ukusebenza okungenzeka kube nokugenca kumawebhusayithi ezinkampani yiqembu elingaziwa. I-imeyili ithunyelwe ngu- U-Adrianne Massey, umphathi omkhulu weBiotechnology Industry Association (BIO), eqenjini lababambisene nabo embonini, kufaka phakathi i-Entine.

“Angazi nakancane ukuthi hlobo luni lokuhlaselwa. Izinhlangano ezizimele kungenzeka kube yizo kuphela ezihlose ukuzenza, kepha angifuni ukuthi kulimale noma ngubani kini onibona njengabalingani bezimboni, ”kubhala uMassey.

U-Kloor ungenile ku-imeyili ngu UDkt. Channapatna Prakash, ummeli nomphathi weGMO eTuskegee University. Okunye okufakwe ku-imeyili kwakunguJay Byrne (owayengumqondisi wezokuxhumana kwezinkampani eMonsanto), I-Val Giddings (owayeyisekela likamongameli wenhlangano yezohwebo ye-biotech), UKarl Haro von Mogel (umqondisi wezindaba we Kwenziwe kabusha), UBruce Chassy noDavid Tribe (ababambisene nabo Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo zeqembu eliphambili leMonsanto), kanye nabanye ababambisene nomkhakha abalulekile abakhuthaza ama-GMO baphinde bagqugquzele ukwehliswa kwemithetho UKevin Folta, Henry Miller, UDrew Kershen, UKlaus Ammann, UPiet van der Meer futhi UMartina Newell-McGloughlin.

Abasizi bemboni bavame ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi kaKloor; bona ama-tweets ngo URobb Fraley waseMonsanto, UJon Entine, Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project kanye nemboni yezolimo iqembu lokuhweba i-CBI.

Ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

U-Alison Van Eenennaam: isikhulumi sangaphandle esingukhiye kanye nomgqugquzeli wezimboni zezolimo kanye ne-GMO

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
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U-Alison Van Eenennaam, i-PhD, uchwepheshe wezokwelisana ngokubambisana ku-genomics yezilwane kanye ne-biotechnology e-University of California, e-Davis, ungumgqugquzeli oholayo wezilwane ezakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo, izitshalo kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezihamba nazo, kanye nommeli wokwehliswa kwemithetho.

UDkt. Van Eenennaam uthi izilwane ze-GE akumele zibe ngaphansi kokubuyekezwa kokuphepha kwangaphambi kwemakethe noma amalebula.

UDkt Van Eenennaam uyi- owayekade esebenza eMonsanto ophikisana nodinga izifundo zokuphepha ezilwaneni ezenziwe ngobunjiniyela futhi aziphethe amalungelo obunikazi amaningi okubandakanya ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo. Ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwelebhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa i-CRISPR, inqubo yobunjiniyela, ukuze susa izimpondo zezinkomo zobisi futhi zizale “zonke izinkomo zokuphela kwamadoda”Ukuba ngubaba wezingane zesilisa kuphela - iphrojekthi ayibiza ngokuthi“ Abafana Kuphela. ” Isiphakamiso se-US Food and Drug Administration sokudinga izifundo zokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwezilwane ezakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo uyahlanya, ngokusho kukaDkt Van Eenennaam.

Bheka futhi: I-Wall Street Journal (12.14.2018),            Izilimi ezinkulu kanye ne-Vertebrae eyengeziwe: Imiphumela Engalindelekile Yokuhlelwa Kofuzo Lwezilwane 

Yize evame ukwethulwa kwabezindaba njengososayensi ozimele, uDkt. Van Eenennaam uxhumana nezinkampani zezolimo kanye namafemu abo e-PR ekuthumeleni imiyalezo, ukunxenxa nokwenza imisebenzi ye-PR, ngokusho kwama-imeyili atholwe yi-US Right to Know futhi manje athunyelwe ku Umtapo Wezincwadi Wemibhalo Yezimboni ze-UCSF. Izibonelo zokubambisana zifaka:

UMonsanto uhlele ukuphawula kwakhe ngenkulumo mpikiswano ye-Intelligence Squared 

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi uLee Quarles, umholi wezokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke kaMonsanto, kanye noTony Zagora, iphini likamongameli ophakeme kanye nomlingani wenkampani yeFleishmanHillard PR, kuhlelwe ukuphawula kukaDkt. Van Eenennaam kwe-December 2014 Intelligence Squared (IQ2) mpikiswano lapho aphikisana nokwamukelwa komphakathi ngokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo kanye noRobb Fraley waseMonsanto.

Ama-Quarles abuye axhuma uDkt Van Eenennaam nabaphezulu eMonsanto naseFleishmanHillard ukuxoxa ngezikhundla eziyinhloko yena noFraley okufanele bahambisane nazo, futhi wahlela ukuthi uZagora ne-ejensi ye-PR bamnikeze umhlahlandlela mayelana "nendlela, iphimbo, ukulethwa kanye nokwethulwa komuntu siqu. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile iqembu lethu okufanele lizibheke njengoba sisebenzela ukunqoba abantu abasegumbini, kanye nabo bonke labo abathengi ekusakazweni kabusha kwe-NPR komcimbi. ”

Okunye ukuhlela kukaMonsanto kumazwi kaProfesa Van Eenennaam kuboniswa ekushintsheni kwethrekhi:

 

Imibhalo yomthombo exhunywe lapha

OwayenguMqondisi Wezokuxhumana eMonsanto uJay Byrne kanye nemboni yezimboni ze-PR uKetchum banikeze ukuqeqesha izingxoxo zabezindaba 

Ngo-2012, uDkt. Van Eenennaam wasiza umkhakha oxhaswe ngemali nguNo kwiProposition 37 eCalifornia ukuze phikisana nokulebula kwe-GMO. Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi abasebenzi bomkhankaso we “No on 37” wahlela ukuthi uDkt Van Eenennaam avele kuDkt Oz Show ukukhuluma ngokungahambisani nokufakwa amalebuli, waphinde wahlela ukuthi athole ukuqeqeshwa kwezokuxhumana kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo evela kuJay Byrne, owayeyinhloko yezokuxhumana ezinkampanini. (Ama-imeyili abuye aveze ukuthi uJay Byrne usebenze neMonsanto ukusungula iqembu langaphambili ukuhlasela abagxeki be-GMO kanye nomkhakha wezinto eziphilayo ngenkathi “ukugcina iMonsanto ngemuva“.)

Ngo-2014, imboni yezolimo ehola phambili kwezobudlelwano nomphakathi, uKetchum, yafaka uDkt Van Eenennaam njengomthombo futhi yamsiza lungiselela ingxoxo yomsakazo ukwenza ucwaningo oluxhumanise okuphakelayo kwezilwane okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo nokuvuvukala kwesisu. UKetchum unikeze uDkt. Van Eenennaam amaphuzu okukhuluma avela kubambisene naye embonini echaza isifundo sesisu ngokuthi "isayensi engenamsoco."

Kuvele isithangami saseHill esihlelwe yiqembu lesayensi yezulu 

NgoSepthemba 2012, uDkt. Van Eenennaam wavela ku- Umncintiswano wenhlangano ye-Competitive Enterprise Institute ukuphikisana nokwehliswa kwemithetho yezilwane ezenziwe ngofuzo. ICompetitive Enterprise Institute iyiqembu elixhaswa ngezimboni lelo kuthuthukisa ukungabaza kwesayensi yezulu futhi uyaphikisana imithethonqubo yomkhakha wamakhemikhali. Ngo 2013, abaxhasi ku-Competitive Enterprises Institute ngonyaka wokuqoqa imali kufaka phakathi iMonsanto, iSyngenta, i-FMC Corporation, iBiotechnology Industry Organisation kanye neGoogle, kanye nezinkampani zikawoyela nogwayi nezisekelo ezihlobene neKoch Industries. Ngo-2016, uMqondisi Wezamandla Nezemvelo we-CEI u-Myron Ebell, isazi esivelele sesayensi yezulu esithe icala lokufudumala kwembulunga "liwubuwula," wakhethwa yiTrump Administration's to hola iqembu lenguquko ye-Environmental Protection Agency.

Imizamo yokubambisana yokunxenxa; ivikela ama-pesticides 

UDkt. Van Eenennaam uqondise ukunxenxwa kokuqedwa kwezitshalo nezilwane ezakhiwe ngezakhi zofuzo, nokuzigcina zingenamagama. Ngo-2012, wabhala i- incwadi eya ku-Obama Administration egameni lekomidi lenqubomgomo yomphakathi ye-American Society of Animal Science ephikisana nokuvunywa kwe-salmon yezakhi zofuzo i-Aqua Bounty ngaphandle kokuhlolwa noma ukuphawulwa okunzima. Ngo-2015, yena kwaqashwa oprofesa abazosekela ukwehliswa kwemithetho amazambane amazambane afakelwe u-Simplot Innate 2.0. "USimplot ufuna ukuphawula mayelana nokuqedwa komthetho wabo ... ama-antis azama ukuthi isikhathi sokuphawula sandiswe njengenjwayelo," ubhalele oprofesa.

UDkt. Van Eenennaam uphinde avikele i-glyphosate, i-herbicide esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni kanye ne-carcinogen yabantu ngokusho kwe-World Health Organisation yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Okwe thumela kuwebhusayithi yakhe, wasebenzisa imboni yezibulala-zinambuzane imithombo futhi i-infographics ukuqagela ngemiphumela yemakethe yokuvimbela i-glyphosate, kanye nabantu ababonakala beveza ukukhathazeka ngokuthi "banothile abakhathazekile." Iwebhusayithi yeMonsanto (manje eyiBayer) ithuthukisa uDkt Van Eenennaam njengomthombo wokuhlambalaza isifundo esixhumene glyphosate kuya kwesifo sesibindi ngamanani aphansi.

Abanye baka-Alison Van Eenennaam's oukusebenzisana komkhakha we-ther 

  • Ingabe a ilungu le- "AgBioChatter," Uhlu lwe-imeyili oluyimfihlo lusebenzela ukuthi izifundiswa ezixhasa umkhakha, abasebenzi abaphezulu bezinkampani zezolimo kanye nabaluleki bezobudlelwano bomphakathi basebenzise ukuxhumanisa imisebenzi yokuthumela imiyalezo nokunxenxa.

Indlela Abadukisa Ngayo UTamar Haspel Abafundi BeWashington Post

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
Posted on by UStacy Malkan

UTamar Haspel yintatheli ezimele ebilokhu ibhala amakholomu okudla nyangazonke eWashington Post kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2013. Amakholomu kaHaspel avame ukukhuthaza nokuvikela imikhiqizo yezimboni zezolimo, kuyilapho ethola nezinkokhelo zokukhuluma emicimbini ehambisana nemboni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi evela emaqenjini ezimboni - umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi yi "buckraking" ophakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuqonda.

Ukubuyekezwa kwamakholomu kaHaspel eWashington Post kuphakamisa okunye ukukhathazeka: ezimweni eziningi, uHaspel wehlulekile ukudalula noma achaze ngokuphelele ukuxhumana kwezimboni ngemithombo yakhe, kuncike ezifundweni ezigxilwe embonini, amaqiniso akhethwe ngamakhemikhali okuxhasa izikhundla zomkhakha noma acaphune inkulumo-ze yezimboni ngokungafanele . Bona ukubuyekezwa komthombo nezinye izibonelo ezichazwe ngezansi. UHaspel ubengakaphenduli emibuzweni yale ndatshana.

Ukubheja ekushayweni kokudla: ukushayisana kwezintshisekelo?

Engxoxweni yango-2015 eyayiqhutshwa yiWashington Post, ephendula umbuzo wokuthi ngabe uyayithola yini imali emithonjeni yezimboni, uHaspel wabhala lokho, "Ngiyakhuluma futhi ngilinganisa amaphaneli nezimpikiswano kaningi, futhi kungumsebenzi engikhokhelwa wona." Udalula ukuzibandakanya kwakhe kokukhuluma kuye iwebhusayithi yomuntu siqu, kepha ayivezi ukuthi yiziphi izinkampani noma amaqembu okuhweba amxhasa ngemali noma ngamanani abawanikezayo.

Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi uthathe malini embonini yezolimo kanye namaqembu ayo angaphambili, UHaspel ubhale kuTwitter, “Njengoba noma yiliphi iqembu elikholelwa ukuthi i-biotech linokuthile elikunikezayo 'liqembu eliphambili,' inala!”

Ngokusho the Amazinga we-Washington Post kanye Nezimiso Zokuziphatha, izintatheli azikwazi ukwamukela izipho, ukuhamba mahhala, ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile noma ukwamukelwa mahhala emithonjeni yezindaba, futhi “kufanele zenze wonke umzamo wokuhlala kubalaleli, zingashiyi inkundla, zibike izindaba, hhayi ukwenza izindaba.” Le mithetho ayisebenzi kuma-freelancers kodwa, futhi iphepha likushiyela kubahleli ukuthi bathathe isinqumo.

UHaspel uchaza inqubo yakhe yokwamukela izingxoxo zokukhokha ezikhokhelwayo kuye iwebhusayithi yomuntu siqu: ukuthi imicimbi iyizimpikiswano ezakhayo mayelana nezindaba zokudla ezibandakanya amaphimbo amaningi kunezinkampani ezenza inzuzo. Akuyona yonke imicimbi esohlwini lwakhe ebonakala ihambisana naleyo mibandela (bona “imicimbi yokuqeqeshwa kwemiyalezo ye-biotech” imicimbi yokuqeqeshwa komyalezo exhaswa ngezimboni echazwe ngezansi). Umhleli kaHaspel uJoe Yonan usho kanje unethezekile ngendlela uHaspel asebenza ngayo ekukhulumisaneni okukhokhelwayo futhi uthola ukuthi "kuyisilinganiso esifanelekile." 

Ukuphawula okwengeziwe okuvela kuHaspel nakuYonan kubikwa lapha, "I-Buckraking kwi-Food Beat: Kunini lapho kungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo?" by Stacy Malkan (Ubulungiswa kanye nokunemba ekubikeni, 2015). Bheka futhi, "Umbiko omfushane ngezintatheli ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo kwizicelo zethu ze-FOIA," nguGary Ruskin (I-US Ilungelo Lokwazi, 2015). Ngemibono evela kuzintatheli nabahleli bebhakede, bheka ukubika kukaKen Silverstein (IHarper's, ngo-2008).

Ukuthatha isigqi se-GMO

UHaspel waqala ukubhala ngokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo ku- Mashi 2013 ku-Huffington Post ("Iya eFrankenfish! Kungani Sidinga i-GM Salmon"). Imibhalo yakhe ngezinye izihloko ezihlobene nokudla yaqala ukuvela eWashington Post naseHuffPo ngo-2011 nakwezinye izindawo kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990. Okokugcina kukaHaspel uchungechunge lwezihloko zeHuffington Post kwaqhubeka ngesihloko semikhiqizo yezimboni yezolimo, ngamabhulogi wokukhishwa kwezifundo mayelana nezingozi ezingaba khona ze- glyphosate futhi Ukudla kwezilwane kwe-GMO, A impikiswano ngokumelene Imikhankaso yokulebula i-GMO kanye ucezu olukhukhumezayo mayelana newebhusayithi yezentengiso yezimboni zezolimo, Izimpendulo ze-GMO.

GMOAnswers.org bekuyingxenye yomkhankaso wobudlelwano bomphakathi obudle izigidi zamarandi i imboni yezolimo yamenyezelwa entwasahlobo ka-2013 ukulwa nokukhathazeka kwabathengi mayelana nokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo ngemuva kwemikhankaso yokuqamba ama-GMO amalebuli.

I-HuffPo Julayi 2013: Isibonelo sendlela iHaspel eyithuthukise ngayo imithombo yezimboni ngokungaqondile. Ezinye izibonelo ezingezansi. 

Ikholomu Elitholakele leWaPo: kumbiwe imibono yezimboni

UHaspel wethule ikholomu yakhe yokudla “Evunjiwe” nyangazonke eWashington Post ku October 2013  ("Ukudla okushintshwe izakhi zofuzo: Kuyini futhi akulona iqiniso") ngesithembiso sokuthi “umbe ujule ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi yini eyiqiniso nokuthi yini engekho empikiswaneni ephathelene nokudla kwethu.” Weluleke abafundi ukuthi babone ukuthi “ungamethemba ngubani” empikiswaneni ye-GMO futhi wakhomba amaqembu amaningi angazange aluphumelele uvivinyo lwakhe lokungakhethi (i-Union of Concerned Scientists phakathi kwabo).

I-Haspel November 2013 ikholomu (“okuvunyelwene ngakho yi-GMO: Lapho abasekeli nabaphikisi bavumelana khona”) kunikeze imibono ebanzi ebanzi kusuka kuzintshisekelo zomphakathi kanye nasemithonjeni yezimboni; Kodwa-ke, kumakholomu alandelayo, uHaspel kuyaqabukela ecaphuna amaqembu anentshisekelo yomphakathi futhi abeke isikhala esincane kakhulu kochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nemithombo yedatha kunalokho akwenzayo kwimithombo exhunywe embonini noma kochwepheshe ekuhlaziyweni kobungozi noma "ekuboneni ubungozi" abavame ukubukela phansi impilo yomphakathi nokuphepha ukukhathazeka, kanye nokubukwa kwemboni. Ezimweni eziningana, iHaspel yehlulekile ukudalula noma ichaze ngokuphelele ukuxhumana kwezezimboni nemithombo.

Ikholomu 'yokunyakaza kokudla' okwenziwe umkhakha

Isibonelo esikhombisa ezinye zalezi zinkinga ngezeHaspel January 2016 ikholamu ("Iqiniso elimangazayo ngokuhamba kokudla"), lapho athi khona abantu abakhathalele ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo noma ezinye izici zokukhiqizwa kokudla - "ukunyakaza kokudla" - bayingxenye engezansi yabantu. Akahlanganisanga nezingxoxo nabathengi, ezempilo, ezemvelo noma amaqembu ezobulungiswa azithatha njengengxenye yokunyakaza kokudla.

IHaspel ithole ikholamu ngamaqembu amabili wespin axhaswe ngemali embonini, i- Umkhandlu Wokwaziswa Kwezokudla Womhlaba Wonke futhi UKetchum, inkampani yezobudlelwano bomphakathi eqhuba Izimpendulo ze-GMO. Ngenkathi echaza uKetchum njengenkampani ye-PR "esebenza kakhulu nomkhakha wezokudla," uHaspel akazange adalule ukuthi uKetchum waqashwa imboni yezolimo ukuze ashintshe umbono wabathengi ngokudla kwe-GMO (futhi akazange akhulume ngomlando wehlazo kaKetchum i-flacking yeRussia futhi eqhuba izinhloli ngokumelene namaqembu ezemvelo).

Umthombo wesithathu wekholomu yakhe kwakuyinhlolovo yocingo eneminyaka emibili eyenziwe UWilliam Hallman, umhlaziyi wombono womphakathi ovela kuRutgers obike ukuthi abantu abaningi abanendaba nokubekwa ilebula kwe-GMO. (Ngonyaka owedlule, uHallman noHaspel baxoxisana ngemibono yabathengi mayelana nama-GMO ngokuxhaswa nguhulumeni iphaneli abelane ngayo no-Eric Sachs waseMonsanto.)

Ukusebenzisana namaqembu we-spin spin

Ukusondelana kukaTamar Haspel kanye nokusebenzisana kwakhe nabadlali ababalulekile emizamweni yezobudlelwano nomphakathi embonini yezolimo kuphakamisa okunye ukukhathazeka mayelana nenhloso yakhe.

A isilinganiso sokuphromotha esivela eHaspel ivela ekhasini eliyisiqalo le-STATS / Sense About Science, ichaza ama-STAT "njengabaluleke" ekubikeni kwakhe. Ezinye izintatheli zichaze ama-STATS njenge- umkhankaso wokuvikela umkhiqizo “umkhankaso wokwaziswa okungaziwa”Lokho kusebenzisa amaqhinga kagwayi okukhiqiza ukungabaza ngengozi yamakhemikhali futhi idlala indima ebalulekileezombusazwe ze-hardball zokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali. ” I-2016 Indaba ku-The Intercept ichaze izibopho zikagwayi ze-STATS ne-Sense About Science (ezihlanganiswe ngonyaka wezi-2014 ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kaTrevor Butterworth) nendima abayidlalayo ekuphusheni imibono yezimboni ngesayensi.

Ubudlelwano bomphakathi ngo-2015 idokhumenti yamasu waqamba igama elithi Sense About Science phakathi kwe- “abalingani bemboni ”UMonsanto uhlele ukuzibandakanya emkhankasweni wayo "wokulungisa ukukhala" ngokumelene ne-ejensi yocwaningo lomdlavuza yeWorld Health Organisation ukudicilela phansi umbiko mayelana ne-carcinogenicity ye-glyphosate.

Umkhakha wezolimo ujikeleza imicimbi

NgoJuni 2014, iHaspel yayiyi- Ilungu le "faculty" (eceleni kwabamele imboni abambalwa) emcimbini wokuqeqeshwa kwemiyalezo obizwa nge- Ikamu Le-Boot Biotech Literacy Project lokho kwaxhaswa yimboni yezolimo futhi kwahlelwa yi Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project futhi Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, amaqembu amabili aphambili embonini iMonsanto nawo ayikhombe "njengabalingani bemboni" kuyo Uhlelo lwe-2015 PR.

IGenetic Literacy Project ingeyokuqala uhlelo lwe-STATS, kanye ne-Academics Review kwaba usethe ngosizo lweMonsanto kuya hlazisa abagxeki bezimboni ngenkathi ugcina ukusebenzisana izigxivizo zeminwe zifihliwe, ngokuya ngama-imeyili atholwe ngezicelo zamarekhodi womphakathi.

Ikhempu ebihanjelwa yiHaspel ibihlose “ukulungisa kabusha impikiswano mayelana nokudla kanye nempikiswano ye-GMO,” ngokwe-ajenda. UPaul Thacker ubike ngalo mcimbi ku-Okuqhubekayo, "Imboni iphinde yaxhasa ngasese uchungechunge lwezingqungquthela ukuqeqesha ososayensi nezintatheli ukubumba impikiswano ngama-GMO nobuthi be-glyphosate… Kuma-imeyili, abagqugquzeli babhekise kulezi zingqungquthela njengezikhungo zokufundisa ukufunda nge-biotech, kanti izintatheli zichazwa 'njengabalingani.' ”

Izifundiswa ezijwayele amaqhinga we-spin we-corporate zibuyekeze imibhalo yekamu ebhuthini ngesicelo sikaThacker. “Lezi yizinto ezicindezelayo,” kusho uNaomi Oreskes, uprofesa womlando wesayensi eHarvard University. "Kusobala ukuthi kuhloswe ngakho ukukholisa abantu ukuthi izitshalo ze-GMO zinenzuzo, ziyadingeka, futhi aziyona ingozi eyenele ukufakazela ukufakwa kwamagama." UMarion Nestle, uprofesa wezokudla, izifundo zokudla, kanye nempilo yomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseNew York, uthe, "Uma izintatheli ziya ezingqungqutheleni ezikhokhelwa ukuya kuzo, kumele zisole ngokusobala."

UCami Ryan, owayesebenza ekamu ebhuthini owaqhubeka nokusebenzela iMonsanto, kuphawulwe ku- ukuhlolwa komhlangano ababambiqhaza babefuna, "Izikhathi eziningi ze-Haspel-ish, ama-Ropeik-ish." UDavid Ropeik ungumeluleki wokubona ngobungozi kabani amaklayenti afaka iBayer nezinye izinkampani zamakhemikhali, nobani Haspel esetshenziswe njengomthombo kukholamu abhale ngayo nge-glyphosate.

Usuku lwe-2015 lwe-biotech literacy noKevin Folta 

NgoMeyi 2015, uHaspel wethule inkulumo ethi “usuku lwe-biotechnology literacy kanye nezokuxhumana”E-University of Florida ehlelwe nguKevin Folta, uprofesa oxhumene nomkhakha wezolimo ezimayelana Nomphakathi futhi imizamo yokunxenxa. UFolta wayefake iHaspel ku Isiphakamiso wasithumela eMonsanto efuna ukuxhaswa ngezimali emicimbini ayichaze “njengesixazululo senkinga yokuxhumana nge-biotech” esivela “ekulawuleni umbono womphakathi” kanye “nokuqinisa kwabo imizamo yokufaka ilebula yokudla ngokungadingekile.” Ikhasi 4 le- Isiphakamiso uchaze umcimbi ozofaka oprofesa be-UF “nabanye abaningi abalethwe bevela ngaphandle kubandakanya nabamele imboni, ongoti bezintatheli kwezokuxhumana kwezesayensi (isib. . ”

Monsanto isiphakamiso sikaFolta esixhaswe ngemali, bakubiza ngokuthi “indlela enhle evela eceleni yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lokukhuthaza esifuna ukuluthuthukisa.” (Imali ibiyi ezanikelwa endaweni yokudla ngo-Agasti 2015 ngemuva kokuthi uxhaso lube sesidlangalaleni.)

Ngo-Ephreli 2015, uFolta wabhalela uHaspel ngemininingwane emayelana nomcimbi wokuqeqeshwa kwemiyalezo, “Sizobhekana nezindleko kanye ne-honorary, noma yini edingekayo. Izethameli kuzoba ososayensi, odokotela kanye nabanye ochwepheshe okudingeka bafunde ukuthi bangakhuluma kanjani nomphakathi. ”

UHaspel uphendule wathi, "Ngingene impela," futhi udlulise i-anecdote evela kwelinye iphaneli "lokuxhumana ngesayensi" elisanda kushintsha umbono womuntu mayelana neMonsanto. "Kungenzeka ukuhamba phambili, kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kungenxa yokuxhumana komuntu nomuntu," kusho uHaspel ebhalela uFolta.

The i-ajenda efakwe kungobo yomlando ngosuku lokuxhumana eFlorida lubhale izikhulumi njengoHaspel, Folta, abanye osolwazi abathathu be-UF, isisebenzi saseMonsanto uVance Crowe kanye nabamele Kwenziwe kabusha futhi Isikhungo Sobuqotho Bokudla (amanye amaqembu amabili iMonsanto ebizwa ngokuthi abalingani bomkhakha isu layo le-PR lokuvikela i-glyphosate). Kwenye imeyili kuFolta, UHaspel wakuthakasela ukuhlangana noCrowe, “Ngikubheke ngabomvu lokhu. (Bengifuna ukuhlangana noVance Crowe - ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi uzobe ekhona.) ”

Ukuziphatha nokudalulwa

NgoSepthemba 2015, iThe New York Times yaveza uFolta ku- indaba esekuqaleni ngu-Eric Lipton mayelana nokuthi amaqembu embonini athembele kanjani kwizifundiswa ukulwa nempi yokulebula i-GMO. U-Lipton ubike ngesicelo sikaFolta sokuqoqa imali esiya eMonsanto, nokuthi uFolta ubelokhu esho esidlangalaleni ukuthi akanabo ubudlelwano neMonsanto.

UHaspel ubhalele uFolta ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, "Ngiyaxolisa kakhulu ngalokho osudlule kukho, futhi kuyakhathaza lapho ukuhlaselwa okunenhliziyo embi, kunabahlanganyeli kufihla izingqinamba zangempela - kwezesayensi kanye nasekubonakaliseni izinto obala, zombili lezi zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu." UHaspel ubalule ukuthi ubesebenza neNational Press Foundation ukuthuthukisa ukungqubuzana okungcono kwamazinga wenzalo yezintatheli ezizimele.

IHaspel kwakuyi 2015 umuntu weNational Press Foundation (iqembu elixhaswe ngemali yizinkampani, kufaka phakathi IBayer neDuPont). Kundatshana abhalele yona i-NPF mayelana izimiso zokuziphatha zabasebenza ngokuzimela, UHaspel uxoxe ngokubaluleka kokudalulwa futhi wachaza nenqubo yakhe yokukhuluma emicimbini kuphela uma ababambiqhaza okungebona bezimboni nemibono ehlukahlukene bebandakanyekile - imigomo engafinyelelwanga yimicimbi ye-biotech literacy. Ikhasi lokudalula ku- iwebhusayithi yakhe ayivezi ngokunembile i- abahlanganisi nabaxhasi wekamu lebhuthi lokufunda nokubhala le-biotech ka-2014. UHaspel akayiphendulanga imibuzo ephathelene nemicimbi yokufunda nge-biotech.

Ukubuyekezwa komthombo: ukubika okulahlekisayo ngama-pesticides

Ukubuyekezwa komthombo kwamakholomu amathathu kaTamar Haspel eWashington Post ngesihloko semithi yokubulala izinambuzane kutholakale okuningi okuphathelene nezibonelo zemithombo engaxhunywanga exhunywe embonini, ukushiywa kwedatha nokubikwa okungaphandle komongo okusebenzise ukuqinisa imiyalezo embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane ukuthi imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ayiyona inkinga futhi organic akuyona inzuzo enkulu. Ukubuyekezwa komthombo kuhlanganisa lamakholomu amathathu:

  • “Ingabe okuphilayo kungcono empilweni yakho? Ukubheka ubisi, inyama, amaqanda, umkhiqizo kanye nenhlanzi ”(April 7, 2014)
  • “Yikhemikhali iMonsanto elincike kuyo. Kuyingozi kangakanani? ” (October 2015)
  • "Iqiniso ngomkhiqizo ophilayo kanye ne-pesticides" (Kwangathi 21, 2018)

Kuncike emithonjeni exhunywe embonini; yehlulekile ukudalula ubudlelwane bemboni yabo

Kuwo womathathu amakholomu aboniswe kulokhu kubuyekezwa komthombo, iHaspel yehlulekile ukudalula ukuxhumana kwemikhakha yezibulala-zinambuzane emithonjeni esemqoka eyehlisa ubungozi bemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Akukho nokukodwa kokuxhuma embonini okulandelayo okukhulunywe ngakho kumakholomu akhe kusukela ngo-Agasti 2018 ngenkathi lokhu kubuyekezwa kushicilelwa.

Embikweni wakhe we-2018 "weqiniso mayelana nomkhiqizo wemvelo kanye ne-pesticides," uHaspel unikeze abafundi "umbono wobungozi obukhulu" kusuka ekuvezweni kwezibulala-zinambuzane okwandayo ngokucaphuna isifundo lokho kulinganisa ubungozi bokudla izibulala-zinambuzane kusuka ekudleni kuya ewayinini yokuphuza. UHaspel akazange adalule ukuthi ababhali abane kwabahlanu balolo cwaningo babeqashwe yiBayer Crop Sciences, engomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bezibulala-zinambuzane emhlabeni. Akazange futhi adalule ukuthi ucwaningo ekuqaleni lwalunephutha eliqhakazile elalilungiswa kamuva (noma ngabe wayexhumanisa nocwaningo lokuqala nolungisiwe). Ucwaningo ekuqaleni lwabika ingozi elingana nokuphuza ingilazi eyodwa yewayini njalo iminyaka eyisikhombisa; kamuva yalungiswa yaba ingilazi eyodwa yewayini njalo izinyanga ezintathu; Lelo phutha namanye amaningi akhonjwe kuwo incwadi eya kulo magazini ososayensi abaningana abachaze ucwaningo lwewayini "njengolulula ngokweqile noludukisa kakhulu."

Ukuchitha ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela yokuhlangana kokuchayeka kwizibulala-zinambuzane eziningi, uHaspel ucaphune enye cwaningo kusuka kumbhali okuyiwona kuphela onxuse i-Bayer ocwaningweni olunamaphutha lokuqhathanisa iwayini, futhi “a Umbiko we-2008”Lokho“ kwenza ukuhlolwa okufanayo. ” Ababhali balowo mbiko wango-2008 bahlanganisa u-Alan Boobis no-Angelo Moretto, izifundiswa ezimbili ezabanjwa ku ukungqubuzana kwehlazo lenzalo ngo-2016 ngoba babe ngusihlalo wephaneli le-UN elakhipha i-glyphosate engcupheni yomdlavuza ngasikhathi sinye njengoba babephethe izikhundla zobuholi e I-International Life Sciences Institute, iqembu elingenzi nzuzo elithole okukhulu iminikelo evela embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane.

Kwikholamu yakhe yango-2015 emayelana nobungozi be-glyphosate, “ikhemikhali iMonsanto incike kuyo,” uHaspel ucaphune imithombo emibili exhumene nemboni yezibulala-zinambuzane angayidalulanga: uKeith Solomon, usosayensi wezobuthi owabhala amaphepha nge-glyphosate ixhaswe nguMonsanto (futhi ngubani uMonsanto ukukhuthaza njengomthombo); noDavid Ropeik, ongumxhumanisi wokubona ngobungozi ohambisana neHarvard naye onenkampani yePR amaklayenti afaka iDow, iDuPont neBayer. UHaspel noRopeik bakhulume ndawonye emkhakheni wezolimo imiyalezo exhaswe umkhakha ukuqeqeshwa ikamu ebhuthini e-University of Florida e 2014.

Kwikholamu yakhe yango-2014 mayelana nokuthi izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni zibeka engcupheni yini ezempilo, uHaspel wethule ukungabaza ngezingozi zezempilo ze-organophosphates, isigaba semithi yokubulala izinambuzane exhumene ukulimala kwemizwa ezinganeni, Nge ukubuyekeza ethola ukuthi "izifundo ze-epidemiological azizange zithinte ngokuqinile noma imuphi umuthi wokubulala izinambuzane njengoba uhlobene kakhulu nemiphumela emibi yokukhula kwezinzwa ezinganeni nasezinganeni." Umbhali oholayo wayengu- UCarol Burns, usosayensi eDow Chemical Company, ongomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-organophosphates ezweni.

Leyo kholamu ibuye yasebenzisa imboni eya kusosayensi wezobuthi uCarl Winter njengomthombo wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni okususelwa ekuhlolweni kwe-EPA. IMonsanto yayikhona ukugqugquzela umsebenzi kaBusika ngaleso sikhathi ezindaweni zokukhuluma, kanti uBusika naye wakhonza kwi ibhodi lokweluleka ngesayensi weqembu elixhaswe ngemali yiMonsanto Umkhandlu waseMelika weSayensi nezeMpilo, okuyinto ngiziqhayisa kokuthunyelwe kwebhulogi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule mayelana nokushicilelwa kwe-anti-organic okwakucaphuna umfana wabo, "umeluleki we-ACSH uDkt. Carl Winter."

Idukisiwe nokubikwa okungaphandle kokuqukethwe

Kwikholamu yakhe yango-2014, uHaspel wasebenzisa iphepha lika-2012 yiAmerican Academy of Pediatrics ngaphandle komongo ukuqinisa impikiswano yakhe yokuthi ukudla i-organic kungahle kunganikeli izinzuzo zezempilo, kepha akabazisanga abafundi ngobubanzi obugcwele besifundo noma iziphetho. I- Iphepha le-AAP walandisa ngobufakazi obuningi besayensi obukhombisa ukulinyazwa kwezingane kusuka kokuchayeka okunzima nokuhlala isikhathi eside kuya kuma-pesticides ahlukahlukene, futhi waphetha ngokuthi, "Ukuchayeka kwezingane emithini yokubulala izinambuzane kufanele kukhawulelwe ngangokunokwenzeka." Lo mbiko ucaphune ubufakazi bokuthi “kwehle ngokushesha okukhulu ekukhishweni komchamo kwama-metabolites ezibulala-zinambuzane” ezinganeni ezidla ukudla okungokwemvelo. I-AAP nayo ikhishiwe izincomo zenqubomgomo ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwezingane emithini yokubulala izinambuzane.

UHaspel washiya wonke lowo mongo futhi wabika kuphela ukuthi umbiko we-AAP, “waphawula ukuhlangana phakathi kokuvezwa kwe-organophosphate nezinkinga zezinzwa ezitholakale kwezinye izifundo kodwa waphetha ngokuthi kusengakacaci ukuthi ukwehliswa kokuchayeka ngokudla izinto eziphilayo kungaba 'emtholampilo efanele. '”

Kwikholamu yakhe yango-2018, uHaspel wadukisa wabika ukuthi i-chlorpyrifos ye-pesticide “kube yimpi phakathi kwamaqembu ezemvelo, afuna ukuthi ivinjelwe, ne-EPA, engafuni” - kepha akabazisanga abafundi ngephuzu elisemqoka: ukuthi i-EPA wayencome ukuvinjelwa i-chlorpyrifos ngenxa yobufakazi obandayo bokuthi ukutholakala kokubeletha kungahle kwenzeke ube nemiphumela ehlala njalo ebuchosheni bezingane. I-ejensi ihlehlise inkambo kuphela ngemuva kwe- UTrump EPA waphazamisa. UHaspel uthole umusho wakhe odukisayo othi “amaqembu ezemvelo vs EPA” ngokuxhumanisa neNew York Times ikhasi lemibhalo lokho kunikeze umongo omncane ngesinqumo se-EPA, kunokuxhumanisa nendaba ye-NYT echaze i- umongo wezepolitiki wethonya lenkampani.

Kuncike emithonjeni evumelana 

Kwikholamu yakhe ka-2018, uHaspel usungule impikiswano yakhe yokuthi ukuvezwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni akukhathazi kakhulu isu lokuzibika elisolisayo alisebenzise kwezinye izikhathi: ecacisa isivumelwano phakathi kwemithombo eminingi ayaziyo. Kulokhu, uHaspel ubike ukuthi amazinga ezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni “aphansi kakhulu” futhi “akufanele ukhathazeke ngawo,” ngokusho kwe- “i-USDA ne-Environmental Protection Agency (kanye nabaningi bezazi ezinobuthi engikhulume nabo iminyaka). ” Yize ebike ukuthi, "Akuwona wonke umuntu onokholo kulezo zivivinyo," uHaspel akazange akhulume ngemithombo engavumelani futhi wakushaya indiva ngokuphelele lokho Umbiko we-American Academy of Pediatrics lokho kuncoma ukwehliswa kokuchayeka kwezingane emithini yokubulala izinambuzane, akubalule ngokungahambisani nekholamu yakhe yango-2014. Kwikholamu yakhe yango-2015 ekhuluma nge-glyphosate waphinde wacaphuna imithombo enomqondo ofanayo, ebika ukuthi usosayensi “ngamunye” akhulume naye “uqaphele ukuthi kuze kuphakame imibuzo yakamuva, i-glyphosate ibiphawuliwe ngokuphepha kwayo.”

Kuphuthelwe idatha efanele 

Idatha efanelekile uHaspel uphuthelwe kuyo ekubikeni kwakhe mayelana nobungozi noma ama-pesticides kanye nezinzuzo zezitatimende ezifakiwe eziphilayo ngamaqembu ezempilo avelele kanye nesayensi yakamuva:

Imibono eminingi yokubika kukaHaspel

  • “Inhlangano yokudla incane? Akuveli lapho sihlala khona, ”kusho uChellie Pingree no-Anna Lappé, Washington Post (2.4.2016)
  • "Umbhali wephephandaba waseWashington Post uyoshaya iMonsanto - futhi," nguStacy Malkan, Ukulunga nokunemba ekubikeni (2.4.2016)
  • Ukubheja kwi-Food Beat: Kunini lapho kungqubuzana kwezintshisekelo khona? ” nguStacy Malkan, Ukulunga nokunemba ekubikeni (10.28.2015)
  • "Impendulo yokuthi 'Ingabe Okuphilayo Kungcono Yini Empilweni Yakho?'” Isikhungo se-Organic (4.8.2014)
  • "Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Organic: Ukuziba isayensi ukwenza icala lokulima ngamakhemikhali," nguKari Hamerschlag noStacy Malkan, Ukulunga nokunemba ekubikeni (7.2014)

Izindlela ezilahlekisayo nezikhohlisayo zikaDkt Kevin Folta

Phrinta imeyili Ungahlukıselana Ephathwayo
Posted on by UStacy Malkan

UKevin Folta, Ph.D., uprofesa kanye nosihlalo woMnyango Wezesayensi Yezolimo eNyuvesi yaseFlorida, unikeze imininingwane enganembile futhi wenza imisebenzi edukisayo emizamweni yakhe yokukhuthaza ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Icala lakhe lakamuva elibhekene neThe New York Times yilona lakamuva kulayini omude wezibonelo zokuxhumana kukaDkt Folta okudukisayo nokukhohlisayo.

Wamangalela i-NYT ngokubika izibopho zakhe eMonsanto; icala lichithiwe 

NgoSepthemba 1, 2017, uDkt. Folta wafaka icala elibhekene neThe New York Times no-Eric Lipton, intatheli eyanqoba kathathu ngomklomelo wePulitzer Prize, bethi bayamhlambalaza Indatshana yekhasi langaphambili lika-2015 lokho kuchaze ukuthi iMonsanto ibhalise kanjani izifundiswa eziphikisana nokubhalwa kokudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo.

Icala likaDkt Folta lachithwa ngoFebhuwari 27, 2019. Ijaji likahulumeni lavumela ukuthi abamangalelwa bafake isicelo isahlulelo sokugcina sokufingqa.

Imibhalo yecala:
Isikhalazo esichitshiyelwe (10 / 5 / 2017)
NYT ukunyakaza (10 / 19 / 2017)
Ijaji likahulumeni waphika iziphakamiso zikaDkt Folta zokuphoqelela ukutholakala, ukubiza ezinye zalezi zicelo ngokuthi "ziwubuphukuphuku impela" futhi "ziyahlekisa" (5/11/2018)
NYT futhi Eric Lipton isiphakamiso sesifinyezo sokugcina (7 / 25 / 18)
Kuchitshiyelwe uDkt Folta ukuphikisana nesiphakamiso sokwahlulela okufingqiwe (8 / 16 / 18)
I-oda lokunikezwa kwesicelo sabamangalelwa sokuthi isahlulelo sokugcina sokufingqa (2 / 27 / 19)
UDkt Folta wathuthela ku lichithe icala futhi lachithwa (4 / 9 / 2019)

Icala likaDkt. Folta lathi abamangalelwa “babemchaza kabi njengomuntu okhokhelwa ngokufihliwe njengenye yezinkampani ezinkulu nezinempikiswano enkulu eMelika, iMonsanto,” nokuthi bakwenza lokho ukuze “baqhubekisele phambili uhlelo lwabo 'lwe-GMO'." Ngokusho kwecala likaDkt. Folta, uLipton “ucishe wazithulisa yedwa umphakathi wesayensi ekufundiseni ososayensi indlela yokukhulumisana.”

Icala lathi uDkt Folta “akakaze asithole” “isibonelelo esingavinjelwe” esivela eMonsanto nokuthi “akakaze athole noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesibonelelo, futhi akakaze athole ukwesekwa kokuthi 'ahambele izwe lonke futhi avikele ukudla okushintshwe izakhi zofuzo.'” Nokho , imibhalo ikhombisa ukuthi iMonsanto inikeze uDkt Folta, emazwini abo, "Isibonelelo esingavinjelwe esilinganiselwa ku- $ 25,000 esingasetshenziswa ngokubona kwakho ukusekela ucwaningo lwakho namaphrojekthi wokufinyelela."

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi uMonsanto unikele ngemali ephendula a Isiphakamiso samakhasi ayi-9 kuDkt. Folta, lapho acela khona uMonsanto amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-25,000 ukuze axhase “isixazululo sakhe esinezitezi ezintathu” 'enkingeni yokuxhumana nge-biotech.' Imisebenzi ehlongozwayo ibandakanya ukuhamba inyanga nenyanga iye eyunivesithi enkulu yasekhaya ukuyokwazisa ngama-GMO. Le mali yanikelwa ebhange lokudla ngemuva kokuthi amadokhumende esewonke emphakathini.

Isibonelo sikaFolta exoxa / evikela umkhiqizo womkhakha (iMonsanto's Roundup)

Icala likaDkt Folta libuye lathi (iphuzu 67), “UDkt. UFolta akakhulumi nganoma iyiphi imikhiqizo yomkhakha, ufundisa kabanzi ngobuchwepheshe. ” Kodwa-ke ufakazele ukuphepha okucatshangwa ukuthi yi-Monsanto's RoundUp, waze wafika ekuphuzeni lo mkhiqizo "ukukhombisa ukungabi nabungozi." Unakho uthe futhi "uzophinda futhi."

Phakathi ku Septhemba 29, 2015 imeyili, UJanine Sikes, Iphini Likamongameli Womsizi Wezindaba Zomphakathi e-University of Florida, ubhalele uzakwabo ngendaba kaLipton ye-NYT: “ngerekhodi ebengicabanga ukuthi le ndaba ilungile.”

Izingcaphuno ezivela empendulweni ye-NYT no-Eric Lipton ecaleni likaFolta, kusuka ngoJulayi 2018 isiphakamiso sesifinyezo sokugcina:

UMnu Lipton uthembele ekuxhumaneni noMmangali nge-imeyili, okunikezwe yena yi-UF ukuphendula isicelo samarekhodi womphakathi. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi uMmangali, usosayensi ozichazayo “osesidlangalaleni”, angavele angafuni ukuthi izinhlangano zakhe nezimboni ezinkulu njengeMonsanto zihlolwe, ukubika okunembile ngamarekhodi abhala lezo zinhlangano ngeke kube yisisekelo secala lokwehliswa isithunzi. (Ikhasi 1)

Phakathi kokunye, amarekhodi e-UF (kaFolta) abhalwe: imikhiqizo yezimboni; (1) Ukufakaza kommangali phambi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ngokuvumelana nezinqubomgomo ezisekela i-GMO; (25,000) Ukusebenzisana kommangali nezimboni, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana okuningi kwe-imeyili nabamele imboni behlinzeka ngemicabango yakhe mayelana neqhinga lokunxenxa nokuchaza imizamo yakhe yokuxhumana nesayensi ye-GMO emphakathini; (2) okuthunyelwe kwakhe kweGMOAnswers, iwebhusayithi exhaswa yimboni; kanye (3) nezindleko zokuhamba ezikhokhelwa imboni, kufaka phakathi izindleko ezihlobene nohambo lwakhe lokuya endlunkulu yeMonsanto. (Ikhasi 4)

Akumangalelwanga ukuhlangana neMonsanto ngenkathi isebenzisana neMonsanto  

UDkt Folta washo kaninginingi ukuthi wayengaxhumananga neMonsanto. Nokho ama-imeyili abikiwe yiThe New York Times yasungula ukuthi wayexhumana njalo noMonsanto kanye nobudlelwano babo nobudlelwano bomphakathi ukusebenzisana emisebenzini yokukhuthaza ukudla okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo.

Ama-imeyili akhombisa ukuthi iMonsanto nababambisene nabo basungule amathuba emidiya kanye nemisebenzi yokunxenxa uDkt Folta futhi basebenza naye ekuthumeleni imiyalezo. Ngo-Agasti 2014, uMonsanto wazisa uDkt Folta ukuthi uzothola ama- $ 25,000 ukuqhuba imisebenzi yakhe yokukhangisa. Ukuhwebelana kwe-imeyili kusikisela ukusebenzisana okusondele:

  • NgoJulayi 2014, Isikhulu seMonsanto sancoma isiphakamiso sikaDkt Folta sesibonelelo futhi sacela abanye abaphathi abane beMonsanto ukuthi banikeze impendulo ukuze bayithuthukise. Ubhale wathi, “Lokhu kuhle kakhulu 3rd-party ndlela yokwakha ukumela esibheke ukukuthuthukisa. ”
  • Ngo-Agasti 2014, UDkt. Folta uphendule incwadi yokwamukelwa kwesibonelelo sakhe, "Ngiyabonga ngaleli thuba futhi ngithembisa ukubuya okuqinile kutshalomali."
  • Ngo-Okthoba 2014, UDkt. Folta wabhalela isikhulu seMonsanto, “Ngiyajabula ukusayina noma yini oyithandayo, noma ukubhala noma yini oyithandayo.”

Ngemuva nje kwamasonto kwenziwe imininingwane yesibonelelo, ngo-Agasti 2014, uDkt Folta wagomela ukuthiakukho ukuxhumana okusemthethweni siye eMonsanto. ” Ubuye wathi yena akazange athole “ucwaningo noma uxhaso lomuntu siqu”Kusuka ku-“ Big Ag, ”yayine-“azikho izibopho zezezimali kunoma yiziphi izinkampani ze-Big Ag ezenza izitshalo ezishintshayo, kufaka phakathi iMonsanto, "futhi"lutho ukwenza INYANGA. ”

Uxhaso lweBayer

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-9/18: UDkt Folta inkontileka nenkampani yabameli iClifford Chance emele iBayer AG ukukhonza umxhumanisi ekulalelweni kokulamula ngesilinganiso sama- $ 600 ngehora kuze kufinyelele emahoreni ayi-120. Leyo mibhalo zenziwe zaziwa ngu IBiofortified, Inc., iqembu lokwenyusa le-GMO lelo ithe inqamule ubudlelwano noDkt Folta ngokwehluleka kwakhe ukudalula ngokugcwele ukungqubuzana okungaba khona kwenzalo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-11/17: UDkt Folta wathola futhi kudalulwe ukwamukelwa izimali zocwaningo ezivela kwaBayer AG (okusemkhankasweni wokuthola iMonsanto). Ngokuya nge- idokhumende itholakele yi-US Right to Know nge-FOIA, uBayer wathumela incwadi yomklomelo kuDkt Folta ngoMeyi 23, 2017 ngomxhaso wama-Euro angama-50,000 58,000 (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-XNUMX), ngesiphakamiso sakhe mayelana ne “New Herbicide Chemistries Discovered in Functional Randomness.”

Okuhlongozwayo ukufihla imali yeMonsanto ekuhlolweni komphakathi

"Imali engiyisebenzisayo isobala," kusho uDkt. Folta wabhala kubhulogi yakhe, kepha eyakhe isiphakamiso seMonsanto ukuxhasa imisebenzi yakhe yokuphromotha ye-GMO ephethwe ngesigaba eseluleka iMonsanto ukuthi inganikela kanjani ngemali ukugwema ukudalulwa komphakathi:

“Uma ixhaswe ngqo kulolu hlelo njengomnikelo we-SHARE (okuyimali eyisisekelo engavinjelwe) ayikho ngaphansi kwe-IDC futhi ayikho kwi-akhawunti 'yezinxushunxushu'. Ngamanye amagama, iminikelo yokwabelana ayaziwa emphakathini. Lokhu kuqeda ukukhathazeka okungenzeka kwenhlangano exhasayo ethonya umyalezo. ”

IMonsanto ithumele umnikelo wama- $ 25,000 njenge- imali engavinjelwe kaDkt Folta.

Wavumela inkampani ye-PR yemboni ukuthi imbhalele i-ghost, wayiphika

Indaba ka-Agasti 2015 ku Ngaphakathi ne-Higher Ed uchaze izinsolo zokuthi inkampani ye-PR yezimboni zezolimo, uKetchum, unikeze uDkt Folta "izimpendulo ezisemathinini emibuzweni mayelana nama-GMO" ebudlelwaneni bomphakathi wemboni yezolimo iwebhusayithi, Izimpendulo ze-GMO.

UDkt Folta uphikile ukuthi usebenzisa umbhalo obhaliwe, ngokusho kwendaba:

"Mayelana nezimpendulo ezisemathinini, uthe 'wacasuka' ngesikhathi ezithola futhi akazange azisebenzise.”

UDkt Folta kamuva wavuma ukuthi usebenzisa umbhalo obhaliwe. I- I-New York Times ibike ngo-Septhemba 2015:

“Kodwa uKetchum wenze okungaphezulu kokunikeza imibuzo (yezimpendulo zeGMO). Izikhathi eziningana, yanikeza noDkt. Folta izimpendulo ezibhaliwe, wabe esesebenzisa amazwi nezwi, okuyisinyathelo manje athi kwaba yiphutha. ”

Ngo-Okthoba 2015 Indaba yeBuzzFeed, UDkt. Folta usithethelele isinqumo sakhe sokusebenzisa umbhalo kaKetchum obhalwe njengesipoki:

"Banginikeza izimpendulo ezinhle ngokwedlulele ezazibonakala," kusho uFolta kimi. “Ngigcwele umsebenzi. Mhlawumbe beyivila, kepha angazi ukuthi ibivila. Uma othile ethi, 'Sikucabangile ngalokhu futhi nakhu esinakho' - kunabantu abasebenza ezifundweni ezinababhali bezinkulumo abathatha amagama abanye abantu bawaveze njengawabo. Kulungile."

Kuthunyelwe imininingwane engamanga mayelana nokuxhaswa kwemali embonini yezibulala-zinambuzane e-University of Florida

Ngo-Okthoba 2014, uDkt Folta wabhala imininingwane enganembile ngemali yakhe eyunivesithi ngezimpendulo ze-GMO. Lapho bebuzwa, “Izinkampani ze-biotech zinikele malini eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yezolimo, eNyuvesi yaseFlorida?” UDkt Folta uphendule wathi:

“Kuneminikelo engu-zero. ' Okungenani phakathi neminyaka emihlanu edlule (konke engikubhekile), azikho ngisho izibonelelo noma izivumelwano zocwaningo phakathi koMnyango Wezesayensi Yezolimo eUF kanye nanoma iyiphi inkampani ethengisa imbewu ye-biotech…

Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, e iyunivesithi yonke, kwakukhona inani lama- $ 21,000 kwizibonelelo zikaMonsanto kwilungu elilodwa le-faculty ku-panhandle elifunda ukhula. Yilokho eyunivesithi yonke. Amarekhodi ethu asesidlangalaleni, ngakho-ke noma ngubani ubengaluthola lolu lwazi. ”

Eqinisweni, izinkampani ze-biotech zinikele ngaphezu kwe- $ 12 million ku-University of Florida ngonyaka wezimali u-2013/2014 kuphela, ngokusho kwemibhalo ye-University of Florida Foundation ithunyelwe ngu-NYT. IMonsanto yafakwa ohlwini njengomnikeli we "Gold" ngalowo nyaka, okusho ukuthi inkampani yanikela okungenani ama- $ 1 million. USyngenta ubengumnikeli “weDayimane” nge- “Cumulative Giving of $ 10 Million +” kanti iBASF inikele okungenani ngama- $ 1 million kwathi iPioneer Hi-Bred yanikela okungenani ama- $ 100,000.

IYunivesithi yaseFlorida 'inesimo' kuma-GMO 'esivumelana' neMonsanto, kanti uDkt Folta uphethe ukuyikhuthaza  

Abaholi baseNyuvesi yaseFlorida bakholelwa ukuthi kuyindima eyunivesithi ukufundisa uquqaba ngama-GMO futhi babelana “ngokuma” noMonsanto, ngokusho kwe-imeyili etholwe uphenyo lwe-US Right to Know.

UDavid Clark, uprofesa we-horticultural biotechnology & genetics kanye nomqondisi we-University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Plant Innovation Program (UF / IFAS), wabhalela isikhulu seMonsanto uRobb Fraley ngoJulayi 21, 2014:

“Bengicabanga ukuthi inkulumo yakho ibihle kakhulu futhi ifike ngesikhathi kakhulu emphakathini wethu, futhi iyahambisana nesimo esisithatha kumaGMO eNyuvesi yaseFlorida. Futhi, ngiyabonga ngokuthatha imizuzu embalwa ukuxoxa nami ngemuva kwalokho mayelana nokuthi kufanele ngabe sifundisa kanjani ama-80% wabathengi abazi kancane kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe.

Ngemva kokubuyela eGainesville, ngaxhumana noDkt. UKevin Folta noJack Payne mayelana nengxoxo yethu. UKevin ungumkhulumeli wethu oholayo e-UF esihlokweni se-GMO futhi uthathe icala lokwenza lokho esikhulume ngakho - ukufundisa uquqaba. UJack uyi-VP yethu enkulu ye-IFAS, futhi ngesonto eledlule ukhiphe ividiyo ekhombisa ukuthi iUF / IFAS imi kuphi ngodaba lwe-GMO: http://www.floridatrend.com/article/17361/jack-payne-of-uf-on-gmos-and-climate-change Bobabili bazimisele kakhulu ngalolu daba, futhi ngokubambisana baqinisa imizamo yabo yokusabalalisa igama elihle. ”

Kule vidiyo, uDkt. Payne uthi, “asikho isayensi esivumelana nalaba bantu abesaba ama-GMO.” Eqinisweni, ososayensi nezifundo eziningi baye bakwenza ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nama-GMO.

Ibambisene namaqembu angaphambi kokungathembeki emicimbini yemijikelezo ye-Biotech Literacy exhaswa ngezimali e-UF nase-UC Davis

A Ingqungquthela kaJuni 2014 ukukhuthaza ama-GMO abizwa nge- “Ikamu Le-Boot Biotech Literacy Project”Ikhokhiswe njengobambiswano phakathi kweYunivesithi yaseFlorida, i Iphrojekthi ye-genetic Literacy Project futhi Ukubuyekezwa Kwezifundiswa, amaqembu amabili angaphambili asebenza neMonsanto ukukhuthaza imikhiqizo yezimboni zezolimo nokuhlasela abagxeki bezimboni. Lawo maqembu womabili atshele ososayensi nezintatheli - ngokunganembile - ukuthi imicimbi ixhaswe yinhlanganisela kahulumeni, izifundiswa kanye nezimboni.

Ngo-2015, intatheli uBrooke Borel kubika kuSayensi Edumile:

“Ingqungquthela okukhulunywa ngayo yabizwa ngeBiotech Literacy Project Boot Camp. Ngamenywa ukuba ngibe khona futhi ngizokhuluma kwamanye amaphaneli, yize bekungakacaci ekuqaleni ukuthi lokho kuzobandakanya ini. Nganikezwa isizumbulu sama- $ 2,000, kanye nezindleko. Ngabhala ngabuza ukuthi ngubani ozohlinzeka ngalesi sikhundla futhi ngatshelwa ukuthi kuzohlanganiswa imali evela ku-UC Davis, i-USDA, imali yombuso kanye neBiotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO). ”

Phakathi ku 2016 imeyili kososayensi, uBruce Chassy we-Academics Review wathi imboni "ibingumxhasi ongaqondile" weBiotech Literacy Project Boot Camps:

“I-bootcamp yezinsuku ezintathu ibiza kakhulu ngoba sikhokhela wonke umuntu indawo yokulala nezindawo zokuhlala kanye ne-honaria. Ababambe iqhaza bathole ama- $ 3 nabethuli okungafika ku- $ 250 (izintatheli azibizi)… Ngidinga ukucacisa ngaphambili ukuthi ukwesekwa kwethu kuvela ku-BIO, USDA, state-USAID kanye nemali eyisisekelo, ngakho-ke imboni ayixhasi ngokungaqondile. Siphumele obala ngo-2,500% mayelana noxhaso. ”

Kodwa-ke, labo hulumeni kanye nemithombo yezemfundo bakuphikile ukuthi banikela ngezimali kwiBiotech Literacy Project Boot Camps, ngokusho kombiko kaPaul Thacker I-Progressive. UThacker wabhala, “okuwukuphela komthombo wemali olandelanayo imboni ye-biotech.”

Kokubili i-Academics Review and Genetic Literacy Project inomlando wokudukisa umphakathi ngezimali zawo nangemisebenzi yabo yokuvikela imboni yezolimo.

  • Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Academics kuye kwabanga kaningi njengeqembu elizimele, kepha ama-imeyili atholwe yi-US Right to Know embule ukuthi i-Academics Review yamiswa njengeqembu eliphambili ngosizo lweMonsanto, ngenkathi "igcina iMonsanto ngemuva ukuze ingalimazi ukwethembeka kolwazi."
  • Inothi elithi "Ukusobala ngokwezezimali" kwiwebhusayithi ye-Genetic Literacy Project lithi ezinganembile, izinguquko kaningi futhi kwesinye isikhathi iziphikisile. Umqondisi we-GLP uJon Entine une ubuhlobo obuningi obuseduze neMonsanto.

UDkt Folta uphinde wahlela lokho akubiza ngokuthi “usuku lwe-biotechnology literacy kanye nezokuxhumana”Ukukhuthaza ama-GMO eNyuvesi yaseFlorida ngo-2015. Izipikha zifaka osolwazi be-UF, isisebenzi saseMonsanto uVance Crowe, abamele amaqembu amabili ahambelana nomkhakha wezolimo (i Isikhungo Sobuqotho Bokudla futhi Kwenziwe kabusha), Futhi UTamar Haspel, umlobeli wephephabhuku lokudla weWashington Post.

UDkt Folta uchaze izinhlelo zakhe ku Isiphakamiso wasithumela eMonsanto efuna ukuxhaswa ngezimali emicimbini ayichaze “njengesixazululo senkinga yezokuxhumana nge-biotech” esivela “ekulawuleni umbono womphakathi” kanye “nokuqinisa kwabo imizamo yokufaka ilebula yokudla ngokungadingekile.” Kuma-imeyili wathumela eHaspel, UDkt. Folta uthe izethameli zomcimbi "we-biotechnology literacy" kuzoba "ososayensi, odokotela kanye nabanye ochwepheshe okudingeka bafunde ukukhuluma nomphakathi."

Uchaze ukunyakaza kokudla "njengeqembu labashokobezi"

UDkt Folta ubhalele phambili incwadi yango-2015 ebizwa ngokuthi “Fear Babe: Shattering Vani Hari's Glass House.” Umphambili uchaza ukunyakaza kokudla njengeqembu lamaphekula, uFolta aqamba igama elithi “Al Quesadilla”:

“U-Al Quesadilla ungumbonisi oqokelwe eqenjini lamaphekula lanamhlanje eliphakeme futhi elixhaswe ngezimali elifungile ukusebenzisa ukwesaba ukuphoqa izinguquko kwezepolitiki ezungeze ukudla. I-Al Quesadilla inomsebenzi ophakathi nendawo - ukuphoqelela izinkolelo zabo mayelana nokudla nokukhiqizwa kokudla emphakathini obanzi. Izinkolelo zabo ngokwemvelo zenkolo. Zisuka enhliziyweni ngokujulile futhi zangaphakathi. Izinkolelo zabo zisekelwe ekuchazelweni kahle kwemvelo, ukungathembi amasiko ezinkampani nokungabaza isayensi yanamuhla…

I-Al Quesadilla yiqembu lamaphekula eligugile nelinyonyobayo. Njengabo bonke amaphekula, bafeza izinhloso zabo ngokusebenzisa ukwesaba nokuphoqelela. Bahlela iziteleka ngokucophelela emigomeni esengozini - abathengi baseMelika… ”

Incwadi, eshicilelwe ngu ISenapath Press, yabhalwa nguMark Alsip, i-blogger ye-Bad Science Debunked, uMarc Draco, "ilunga elingumakadebona" ​​ekhasini le-Facebook Livinjelwe yi-Food Babe, noKavin Senapathy, ongumnikeli weForbes owayenezindatshana zakhe eziningana isuswe yiForbes.

Incwadi ikhuthaza ama-GMO, ibanga i-MSG kanye i-aspartame “azinabungozi” futhi zithi zichaza “amaqiniso abangela ukwesatshiswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.”

Inkulumo-ze ye-pesticide

UDkt Folta ukuchitha ukukhathazeka ngokuvezwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngezimangalo ze-propaganda, hhayi isayensi. Isibonelo, wenza futhi wehluleka ukulungisa isivakashi sakhe ngezitatimende eziningi ezesabekayo mayelana nokuphepha kwezibulala-zinambuzane kulo 2015 i-podcast interview no-Yvette d'Entremont, i- “SciBabe.” UFolta uthi:

  • Uma othile ekhathazekile ngokuchayeka kwezibulala-zinambuzane, “mbuze ukuthi unazo yini izimpawu zobuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane. Ngaphandle kokuthi babe nezimpawu zobuthi bezibulala-zinambuzane, cishe akukho okumele ukhathazeke ngakho. ”
  • "Ingozi yakho kunoma yiluphi uhlobo, ikakhulukazi, ukuchayeka kwezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni kungenzeka ukuthi iphakathi nendawo ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyizi-10,000 XNUMX nesigidi kunengozi yemoto."

Amaqhinga okuxhumana akhohlisayo

Esinye isibonelo sokuxhumana okulahlekisayo okuhlobene noDkt Folta sibhalwe ku-2015 Indaba yeBuzzFeed nguBrooke Borel. Indaba ilandisa ngokutholwa kukaBorel ukuthi uDkt Folta wasebenzisa umazisi ongamanga ukuxoxa nososayensi kanye naye uqobo kwi-podcast ebizwa nge- "The Vern Blazek Science Power Hour."

Ukuqhubeka nokufunda:

New York Times, "I-Food Industry Yabhalisa Izifundiswa ku-GMO Lobbying War, Ama-imeyili Show," ngu-Eric Lipton (9/6/2015)

Ama-imeyili athunyelwe ngu I-New York Times

I-Progressive, "Flacking for GMOs: How the Biotech Industry Plantts Positive Media," nguPaul Thacker (7/21/2017)

Huffington Post, "Uthando Olungapheli lukaKeith Kloor ngama-GMO," nguPaul Thacker (7/19/2017)

Izindaba Zomhlaba Wonke, "Imibhalo Idalula I-Canadian Teenager Target ye-GMO Lobby," ngu-Allison Vuchnich (12/22/2015)

Imvelo Biotechnology, "Ukumela Ukubonakala," nguStacy Malkan (1/2016)

Umama uJones, "Lawa ma-imeyili akhombisa uMonsanto encike koSolwazi ekulweni impi ye-GMO," nguTom Philpott (10/2/2015)

I-BuzzFeed, "Imbewu Money: Ukuvuma kweGMO Defender," nguBrooke Borel (10/19/2015)

USRTK Umbiko Omfushane, "Izintatheli zehlulekile ukudalula uxhaso lwemithombo ezivela eMonsanto"

Izindaba Ezizimele Zesayensi, "AbaPuppetmasters base-Academia (noma Lokho okususwe yi-NYT)," nguJonathan Latham (9/8/2015)

USRTK incwadi eya kuDkt Folta mayelana nezicelo zethu ze-FOIA